A double-blind randomized comparison of midazolam alone and midazolam combined with ketamine for sedation of pediatric dental patients

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dc.contributor.authorRoelofse J.A.
dc.contributor.authorDe V. Joubert J.J.
dc.contributor.authorRoelofse P.G.R.
dc.date.accessioned2011-05-15T16:02:00Z
dc.date.available2011-05-15T16:02:00Z
dc.date.issued1996
dc.description.abstractPurpose: The safety and efficacy of a new sedation technique for children having dental procedures under local anesthesia were evaluated. Materials and Methods: One hundred children between the ages of 2 and 7 years who required sedation for dental procedures were administered either a combination of midazolam (0.35 mg/kg) and ketamine (5 mg/kg) or midazolam alone (1 mg/kg) rectally 30 minutes before removal to the dental chair. Pulse rate, respiratory rate, arterial pressure, oxygen saturation, adverse reactions, postoperative recovery, and behavior were recorded. Results: Satisfactory sedation and anxiolysis were achieved with both drugs used in the study. When evaluating postoperative recovery, statistically significantly more children receiving midazolam alone were fully awake on admission to the recovery room and 30 minutes later. Results of physiologic monitoring, behavioral ratings, and adverse effects are reported. Excessive salivation occurred in 26% of children receiving the combination of drugs, compared with 14% receiving midazolam alone. Seven (14%) of the children receiving the combination of drugs hallucinated, compared with 21 (42%) receiving midazolam alone. Both drug groups had reliably good anxiolysis and sedation without loss of respiratory drive or protective airway reflexes. Conclusion: The use of a combination of midazolam and ketamine or midazolam alone is a safe, effective, and practical approach to managing children for minor dental procedures under local anesthesia. With this technique, advanced airway management proficiency is recommended.
dc.description.versionArticle
dc.identifier.citationJournal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
dc.identifier.citation54
dc.identifier.citation7
dc.identifier.issn2782391
dc.identifier.other10.1016/S0278-2391(96)90531-5
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/12263
dc.subjectketamine
dc.subjectmidazolam
dc.subjectarticle
dc.subjectchild
dc.subjectclinical trial
dc.subjectcontrolled clinical trial
dc.subjectcontrolled study
dc.subjectcoughing
dc.subjectcrying
dc.subjectdental surgery
dc.subjectdose response
dc.subjectdouble blind procedure
dc.subjectdrug mixture
dc.subjectdrug safety
dc.subjecteuphoria
dc.subjectfemale
dc.subjecthallucination
dc.subjecthuman
dc.subjecthypersalivation
dc.subjectlocal anesthesia
dc.subjectmajor clinical study
dc.subjectmale
dc.subjectnausea
dc.subjectpediatric anesthesia
dc.subjectpostoperative period
dc.subjectrandomized controlled trial
dc.subjectrectal drug administration
dc.subjectrestlessness
dc.subjectsedation
dc.subjecttranquilizing activity
dc.subjectvomiting
dc.subjectAdministration, Rectal
dc.subjectAnesthesia Recovery Period
dc.subjectAnesthesia, Dental
dc.subjectAnesthesia, Local
dc.subjectChild
dc.subjectChild, Preschool
dc.subjectConscious Sedation
dc.subjectDental Anxiety
dc.subjectDouble-Blind Method
dc.subjectDrug Therapy, Combination
dc.subjectHumans
dc.subjectKetamine
dc.subjectMidazolam
dc.subjectTooth Extraction
dc.titleA double-blind randomized comparison of midazolam alone and midazolam combined with ketamine for sedation of pediatric dental patients
dc.typeArticle
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