A functionalist retranslation of the Constitution of the Democratic Republic of the Congo from French into Ciluba

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dc.contributor.advisorLesch, Harolden_ZA
dc.contributor.advisorFeinauer, Ilseen_ZA
dc.contributor.authorKabengela, Jose Cyunzaen_ZA
dc.contributor.otherStellenbosch University. Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences. Dept. of Afrikaans and Dutch.en_ZA
dc.date.accessioned2023-11-16T08:50:07Z
dc.date.accessioned2024-01-08T16:52:22Z
dc.date.available2023-11-16T08:50:07Z
dc.date.available2024-01-08T16:52:22Z
dc.date.issued2023-12
dc.descriptionThesis (MA)--Stellenbosch University, 2023.en_ZA
dc.description.abstractENGLISH ABSTRACT: This research is devoted to a functionalist retranslation from French into Ciluba. It is based on a target-oriented approach, meaning that the focus is on the target culture, in this case the Luba culture of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). Since translation is considered as a vehicle of transmission, it conveys cultural values and realities through languages. In order for these values and cultural realities to be transmitted from language A to language B, the translator is required to master the working languages and cultures as well as translation principles. This would produce a functionalist and not a linguistic translation. The existing translation of the Constitution of the DRC into Ciluba is a linguistic translation, that is, it was done word for word without considering the meaning and functions of the source text. For that reason, I have preferred to carry out the retranslation in order to synchronise the functions of the original text in the retranslated text. Hence, for the purpose of this study, the existing translation into Ciluba will serve as a starting point for research, and the Constitution will be retranslated into the same language as the original translation, while this time considering the different functions of the source text and keeping the target reader in mind. As the DRC Constitution is a legal document, it provides all Congolese citizens with information about their rights and obligations, and those of the country. This is the content of the source-text functions. These functions displayed by the source text are informative and persuasive. Since the existing translation is a linguistic one, it has not fulfilled these functions. For this reason, I have retranslated an excerpt of the abovementioned document to synchronise the aforesaid functions for Luba readers. This was based on a functionalist analysis of three texts (Source Text [ST], Target Text 1 [TT1] and Target Text 2 [TT2]) while referring to Nord’s method according to which the analysis is done in two steps: analysis of the target-text skopos and analysis of the ST. The analysis of the functions of the TT refers to the description of relevant factors ensuring the reception of the translated text by a given audience in a given situation. Thus, analysis of the ST comprised two stages: In the first stage I ascertained the compatibility of the ST material with the requirements set out in the translation instructions, and in the second stage I did a detailed analysis aimed at understanding the ST while paying special attention to synchronising the functions of the TT. The annotation of the retranslated text was discussed referring to the skopos norms and the translation brief. The discussion focuses on the different translation challenges involved in making TT2 accessible for the average Luba reader. Categorising translation problems while retranslating the Constitution functionally into Ciluba enabled me to discover the challenges involved in translation. The identified problems during the retranslation of the DRC Constitution are situated at four levels: pragmatic, interlingual, cultural and text-specific problems. They were overcome by referring to the norms and conventions of Luba language and culture.en_ZA
dc.description.abstractAFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie navorsing word gewy aan ’n funksionalistiese hervertaling uit Frans in Ciluba. Dit is gebaseer op ’n doelteksgeoriënteerde benadering, met ander woorde met die fokus op die doelkultuur – in hierdie geval, die Luba-kultuur van die Demokratiese Republiek van die Kongo (DRK). Aangesien vertaling as medium van oordrag beskou word, verplaas dit kulturele waardes en werklikhede deur middel van taal. Ten einde hierdie waardes en kulturele werklikhede van taal A na taal B oor te dra, word van die vertaler vereis om die betrokke tale en kulture te bemeester. Dit sal ’n funksionalistiese, en nie ’n linguistiese nie, vertaling tot gevolg hê. Die bestaande vertaling van die Grondwet van die DRK in Ciluba is ’n linguistiese vertaling, met ander woorde, dit is woord vir woord gedoen sonder dat die betekenis en funksie van die bronteks in ag geneem is. Om daardie rede het ek gekies om die hervertaling te doen om sodoende die funksies van die oorspronklike teks en dié van die hervertaalde teks te sinchroniseer. Met die bestaande vertaling in Ciluba wat vir die doeleinde van hierdie studie as wegspringpunt vir die navorsing dien, sal die Grondwet van die DRK in dieselfde taal as die oorspronklike vertaling hervertaal word terwyl die verskillende funksies van die bronteks hierdie keer in oorweging gebring, en die doelteksleser in ag geneem word. Aangesien die Grondwet van die DRK ’n regsteks is, voorsien dit alle Kongolese burgers van inligting oor hulle regte en verpligtinge, sowel as dié van die land. Dít vorm die inhoud van die bronteksfunksies. Hierdie funksies van die bronteks is sowel informatief as oorredend. Aangesien die bestaande vertaling linguisties is, het dit nie hierdie funksies vervul nie; derhalwe het ek ’n uittreksel van bogenoemde dokument hervertaal om bogemelde funksies vir Luba-lesers te sinchroniseer. Dit is gegrond op ’n funksionalistiese ontleding van drie tekste (bronteks, doelteks 1 en doelteks 2) terwyl Nord se metode – ingevolge waarvan die ontleding in twee stappe geskied (ontleding van die doelteksskopos en ontleding van die bronteks) – geraadpleeg is. Die ontleding van die funksies van die doelteks verwys na die beskrywing van relevante faktore wat ontvangs van die vertaalde teks deur ’n gegewe gehoor in ’n gegewe situasie verseker. Ontleding van die bronteks het dus uit twee fases bestaan: In die eerste fase het ek vasgestel of die bronteksmateriaal versoenbaar is met die vereistes soos uiteengesit in die vertaalinstruksies; en in die tweede fase het ek ’n gedetailleerde ontleding gedoen wat op begrip van die bronteks gemik was terwyl spesiale aandag gegee is om die funksies van die doelteks te sinchroniseer. Annotasie van die hervertaalde teks is met verwysing na die skoposnorme en vertaalopdrag bespreek. Die bespreking fokus op die verskillende vertaaluitdagings wat daarby betrokke was om die hervertaalde doelteks toeganklik vir die Luba-leser te maak. Kategorisering van vertaalprobleme terwyl ek die Grondwet funksioneel in Ciluba vertaal het, het my in staat gestel om die uitdagings betrokke by vertaling te ontdek. Die probleme wat tydens hervertaling van die DRK se Grondwet geïdentifiseer is, lê op vier vlakke: pragmaties, interlinguisties, kultureel en teksspesifiek. Hierdie probleme is met verwysing na die norme en konvensies van die Luba-taal en -kultuur oorbrug.af_ZA
dc.description.versionMastersen_ZA
dc.format.extentxii, 146 pages : maps, includes annexuresen_ZA
dc.identifier.urihttps://scholar.sun.ac.za/handle/10019.1/128948
dc.language.isoenen_ZA
dc.language.isofrfr
dc.language.isolualua
dc.publisherStellenbosch : Stellenbosch Universityen_ZA
dc.rights.holderStellenbosch Universityen_ZA
dc.subject.lcshRetranslationen_ZA
dc.subject.lcshTranslating and interpretingen_ZA
dc.subject.lcshCongo (Democratic Republic) -- Languagesen_ZA
dc.subject.lcshLuba-Lulua languageen_ZA
dc.subject.lcshConstitutions -- Congo (Democratic Republic)en_ZA
dc.subject.lcshFunctionalism (Linguistics)en_ZA
dc.subject.nameUCTD
dc.titleA functionalist retranslation of the Constitution of the Democratic Republic of the Congo from French into Cilubaen_ZA
dc.typeThesisen_ZA
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