Die effek van 'n troeteldier-ondersteunde leesprogram op woordherkenningsvaardighede van graad 3-kinders
Date
2015-06
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Suid-Afrikaanse Akademie vir Wetenskap en Kuns
Abstract
Die doel van die huidige studie was om die effek van ’n troeteldier-ondersteunde leesprogram
(TOL) op die woordherkenningsvaardighede van graad 3-kinders te bepaal. Al die kinders wat
met behulp van die ESSI Leestoets as nievaardige lesers (N=102) geïdentifiseer is, is ewekansig
toegewys aan drie eksperimentele groepe en een kontrolegroep. Een maal per week vir 10 weke
lank het die Leeshondgroep (n=27) vir ’n leeshond in die teenwoordigheid van ’n Pets as Therapyvrywilliger
gelees, die Volwassenegroep (n=24) het slegs vir ’n volwassene gelees terwyl die
Teddiebeergroep (n=26) vir ’n teddiebeer in die teenwoordigheid van ’n volwassene gelees het.
Die Kontrolegroep (n=25) het voortgegaan met hul normale skoolaktiwiteite. Die kinders in die
drie eksperimentele groepe het individueel vir ongeveer 20 minute gelees uit graad 1-, 2- en 3-vlak
boekies.
Data-insameling het plaasgevind voor die aanvang van die leesprogram (Tyd 1), direk ná
voltooiing van die leesprogram (Tyd 2) en met ’n opvolgmeting agt weke later (Tyd 3). Die
resultate het getoon dat die kinders in die Leeshondgroep op ’n beduidend hoër graadvlak gelees
het tydens Tyd 2 en Tyd 3 as die ander drie groepe.
Reading problems constitute a problem world-wide. Literacy figures in South Africa are particularly worrying. The reading skills of 80% of South African children are not fully developed by the time they reach grade 5. In recent literacy tests, South African children fared worse than their peers from African countries like Mozambique, Botswana, Swaziland and Tanzania. Despite attempts to improve literacy and numeracy, South African children do not reach their potential. Many South African schools are labelled as "dysfunctional" and 79% of schools do not have libraries. This is a complex matter with multiple causes. Reading programmes may contribute to addressing this issue. There are different types of reading programmes and they can take place at different levels. One type of programme includes the use of pets. The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of an animal-assisted reading programme on the word recognition and spelling skills of grade 3 children in a working class rural South African school. All the grade 3 children were assessed with the ESSI Reading and Spelling Test. Those who were identified as poor readers (N=102) were randomly assigned to three experimental groups and one control group. The Dog Group (n=27) read to a dog in the presence of a Pets as Therapy volunteer, the Adult Group (n=24) read to an adult only while the Teddy Bear Group (n=26) read to a teddy bear in the presence of an adult. The Control Group (n=25) continued with their normal school activities. Collection of the data took place before the start of the reading programme (Time 1) and directly after completion of the programme (Time 2) with a follow-up measurement eight weeks later (Time 3). The Reading Educational Assistance Dogs (R.E.A.D.) programme of Intermountain Therapy Animals was followed. Once a week during the 10 week animal-assisted reading, all the children read for approximately 20 minutes from grade 1, grade 2 and grade 3 level reading books which they chose themselves. The children were called from their classrooms, individually, to another room where they could read calmly and peacefully either to a dog with an adult present, to an adult only, or to a teddy bear with an adult present, depending on the group in which they were. Nine PAT volunteers and their therapy dogs and 10 other student volunteers were used in this project. All the volunteers received the same instructions from the researcher. At the start of the programme the reading ability of all the children were on grade 1 to 2 level. After a 10-week reading programme (Time 2) the children from the Dog Group read on a significantly higher grade level than the children from the Adult Group, the Teddy Bear Group and the Control Group. With the follow up measures at Time 3, the children from the Dog Group still performed at a significantly higher grade level than the Adult Group, the Teddy Bear Group and the Control Group. This study contributed to the knowledge of human-animal-interaction and specifically to the use of dogs to improve the reading skills of children. This unique reading programme is flexible and can be successfully used in schools and libraries. More research on this topic needs to be undertaken.
Reading problems constitute a problem world-wide. Literacy figures in South Africa are particularly worrying. The reading skills of 80% of South African children are not fully developed by the time they reach grade 5. In recent literacy tests, South African children fared worse than their peers from African countries like Mozambique, Botswana, Swaziland and Tanzania. Despite attempts to improve literacy and numeracy, South African children do not reach their potential. Many South African schools are labelled as "dysfunctional" and 79% of schools do not have libraries. This is a complex matter with multiple causes. Reading programmes may contribute to addressing this issue. There are different types of reading programmes and they can take place at different levels. One type of programme includes the use of pets. The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of an animal-assisted reading programme on the word recognition and spelling skills of grade 3 children in a working class rural South African school. All the grade 3 children were assessed with the ESSI Reading and Spelling Test. Those who were identified as poor readers (N=102) were randomly assigned to three experimental groups and one control group. The Dog Group (n=27) read to a dog in the presence of a Pets as Therapy volunteer, the Adult Group (n=24) read to an adult only while the Teddy Bear Group (n=26) read to a teddy bear in the presence of an adult. The Control Group (n=25) continued with their normal school activities. Collection of the data took place before the start of the reading programme (Time 1) and directly after completion of the programme (Time 2) with a follow-up measurement eight weeks later (Time 3). The Reading Educational Assistance Dogs (R.E.A.D.) programme of Intermountain Therapy Animals was followed. Once a week during the 10 week animal-assisted reading, all the children read for approximately 20 minutes from grade 1, grade 2 and grade 3 level reading books which they chose themselves. The children were called from their classrooms, individually, to another room where they could read calmly and peacefully either to a dog with an adult present, to an adult only, or to a teddy bear with an adult present, depending on the group in which they were. Nine PAT volunteers and their therapy dogs and 10 other student volunteers were used in this project. All the volunteers received the same instructions from the researcher. At the start of the programme the reading ability of all the children were on grade 1 to 2 level. After a 10-week reading programme (Time 2) the children from the Dog Group read on a significantly higher grade level than the children from the Adult Group, the Teddy Bear Group and the Control Group. With the follow up measures at Time 3, the children from the Dog Group still performed at a significantly higher grade level than the Adult Group, the Teddy Bear Group and the Control Group. This study contributed to the knowledge of human-animal-interaction and specifically to the use of dogs to improve the reading skills of children. This unique reading programme is flexible and can be successfully used in schools and libraries. More research on this topic needs to be undertaken.
Description
CITATION: Le Roux, M., Swartz, L., Swart, E. 2015. Die effek van ’n troeteldier-ondersteunde leesprogram op woordherkenningsvaardighede van graad 3-kinders. Tydskrif vir Geesteswetenskappe, 55(2):289-303, doi:10.17159/2224-7912/2015/V55N2A9.
The original publication is available at http://www.scielo.org.za
The original publication is available at http://www.scielo.org.za
Keywords
Animal-assisted reading programme -- South Africa, Animals -- Therapeutic use -- South Africa, Reading disability -- South Africa, Reading (Elementary) -- Remedial teaching -- South Africa, Dogs -- Therapeutic use
Citation
Le Roux, M., Swartz, L., Swart, E. 2015. Die effek van ’n troeteldier-ondersteunde leesprogram op woordherkenningsvaardighede van graad 3-kinders. Tydskrif vir Geesteswetenskappe, 55(2):289-303, doi:10.17159/2224-7912/2015/V55N2A9.