Polyphenolic and physicochemical properties of simple-spined num-num (Carissa edulis) fruit harvested at ripe stage of maturation
Date
2019-07-19
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
MDPI
Abstract
Wildly grown in most regions of the world, Carissa edulis is a highly underutilised fruit with significant antioxidant characteristics. The phyto and physicochemical properties of C. edulis berries at different stages of ripening are evaluated in this work. Total flavonoids (TF), total phenolic content (TPC) and antioxidant activity were determined spectrophotometrically, while concentration of polyphenols was determined using liquid chromatography coupled to diode array detection and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. Results showed that antioxidant activity was lowest (18.36 ± 0.12 mmol TE/g) in RS3 and decreased with TPC upon increased ripening. Conversely, TF increased with ripening progression with TF found to be highest in RS3 (5.92 ± 0.03 mg CE/g). Identified phenolic acids in C. edulis were quinic acid, protocatechuoyl-hexose, neochlorogenic acid, chlorogenic acid, cryptochlorogenic acid and dicaffeoylquinic acid. Identified flavonoids included rutin, catechin, procyanidin dimer, procyanidin trimer, quercetin-3-O-glucosyl-xyloside, quercetin-3-O-robinobioside, quercetin-3-O-glucoside and quercetin-3-OH-3-methylglutaryl-glucoside. Physicochemical properties of C. edulis varied among samples with sugar/acid ratio of C. edulis ranging from 25.70 for RS1 to 50.36 for RS3. Ripening stage of C. edulis undoubtedly affects the phyto and physicochemical properties of C. edulis.
Description
CITATION: Makumbele F. P. et al. 2019. polyphenolic and physicochemical properties of simple-spined num-num (Carissa edulis) fruit harvested at ripe stage of maturation. Molecules, 24(14). doi:10.3390/molecules24142630
The original publication is available at https://www.mdpi.com/journal/molecules
The original publication is available at https://www.mdpi.com/journal/molecules
Keywords
Carissa edulis, Phytochemicals -- Molecular aspects, Antioxidant activity, Physicochemical properties, Free radicals, Ripening stage, Fruit -- Harvesting
Citation
Makumbele F. P. et al. 2019. polyphenolic and physicochemical properties of simple-spined num-num (Carissa edulis) fruit harvested at ripe stage of maturation. Molecules, 24(14). doi:10.3390/molecules24142630