Characterization of the genetic variation present in CYP3A4 in three South African populations
Date
2013-02
Authors
Drogemoller, Britt
Plummer, Marieth
Korkie, Lundi
Agenbag, Gloudi
Dunaiski, Anke
Niehaus, Dana
Koen, Liezl
Gebhardt, Stefan
Schneider, Nicol
Olckers, Antonel
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Frontiers
Abstract
The CYP3A4 enzyme is the most abundant human cytochrome P450 (CYP) and is regarded as the most important enzyme involved in drug metabolism. Inter-individual and inter-population variability in gene expression and enzyme activity are thought to be influenced, in part, by genetic variation. Although Southern African individuals have been shown to exhibit the highest levels of genetic diversity, they have been under-represented in pharmacogenetic research to date. Therefore, the aim of this study was to identify genetic variation within CYP3A4 in three South African population groups comprising of 29 Khoisan, 65 Xhosa and 65 Mixed Ancestry (MA) individuals. To identify known and novel CYP3A4 variants,15 individuals were randomly selected from each of the population groups for bi-directional Sanger sequencing of∼600 bp of the 5'-upstream region and all thirteen exons including flanking intronic regions. Genetic variants detected were genotyped in the rest of the cohort. In total, 24 SNPs were detected, including CYP3A4∗12, CYP3A4∗15, and the reportedly functional CYP3A4∗1B promoter polymorphism, as well as two novel non-synonymous variants. These putatively functional variants, p.R162W and p.Q200H, were present in two of the three populations and all three populations, respectively, and in silico analysis predicted that the former would damage the protein product. Furthermore, the three populations were shown to exhibit distinct genetic profiles. These results confirm that South African populations show unique patterns of variation in the genes encoding xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes. This research suggests that population-specific genetic profiles for CYP3A4 and other drug metabolizing genes would be essential to make full use of pharmacogenetics in Southern Africa. Further investigation is needed to determine if the identified genetic variants influence CYP3A4 metabolism phenotype in these populations.
Description
Publication of this article was funded by the Stellenbosch University Open Access Fund.
The original publication is available at http://www.frontiersin.org/genetics
The original publication is available at http://www.frontiersin.org/genetics
Keywords
CYP3A4 -- South Africa -- Genetics, Pharmacogenetics research -- South African populations, CYP3A4 -- Genetics -- Research
Citation
Drogemoller, B. et. al. 2013. Characterization of the genetic variation present in CYP3A4 in three South African populations. Frontiers in Genetics, 4:17, doi:10.3389/fgene.2013.00017.