• Targeting of myeloid-derived suppressor cells by all-trans retinoic acid as host-directed therapy for human tuberculosis 

  Leukes, Vinzeigh N.; Dorhoi, Anca; Malherbe, Stephanus T.; Maasdorp, Elizna; Khoury, Justine; McAnda, Shirley; Walzl, Gerhard; Du Plessis, Nelita (Elsevier Inc., 2021-06)

  Conventional anti-tuberculosis (TB) therapies comprise lengthy antibiotic treatment regimens, exacerbated by multi-drug resistant and extensively drug resistant mycobacterial strains. We assessed the ability of all-trans ...
• Evolution of bacteria in the human gut in response to changing environments: an invisible player in the game of health 

  Venkatakrishnan, Aarushi; Holzknecht, Zoie E.; Holzknecht, Rob; Bowles, Dawn E.; Kotzé, Sanet H.; Modliszewski, Jennifer L.; Parker, William (Elsevier B.V., 2021-01)

  Several factors in Western society, including widespread use of antibiotics, chronic inflammation, and loss of complex eukaryotic symbionts such as helminths, have a dramatic impact on the ecosystem of the gut, affecting ...
• Editorial: FDA-Approved Drug Repositioning for P-Glycoprotein Overexpressing Resistant Cancer 

  Yoon, Sungpil; Wang, Xiaoju; Vongpunsawad, Sompong; Tromp, Gerard; Kuivaniemi, Helena (Frontiers Media S.A, 2021-03)

  Anticancer drugs are an essential part of cancer treatment. Cancer cells can, however, develop resistance to these drugs by e.g., P-glycoprotein 1 (P-gp) overexpression or accumulation of mutations in the genes part of ...
• Reference Intervals for Hematology and Clinical Chemistry for the African Elephant (Loxodonta africana) 

  Steyrer, Christine; Miller, Michele; Hewlett, Jennie; Buss, Peter; Hooijberg, Emma H. (Frontiers Media S.A, 2021-03)

  The African elephant (Loxodonta africana) is listed as vulnerable, with wild populations threatened by habitat loss and poaching. Clinical pathology is used to detect and monitor disease and injury, however existing ...
• Review of diagnostic tests for detection of mycobacterium bovis infection in South African wildlife 

  Bernitz, Netanya; Kerr, Tanya J.; Goosen, Wynand J.; Chileshe, Josephine; Higgitt, Roxanne L.; Roos, Eduard O.; Meiring, Christina; Gumbo, Rachiel; De Waal, Candice; Clarke, Charlene; Smith, Katrin; Goldswain, Samantha; Sylvester, Taschnica T.; Kleynhans, Léanie; Dippenaar, Anzaan; Buss, Peter E.; Cooper, David V.; Lyashchenko, Konstantin P.; Warren, Robin M.; Van Helden, Paul D.; Parsons, Sven D. C.; Miller, Michele A. (Frontiers Media S.A, 2021-01)

  Wildlife tuberculosis is a major economic and conservation concern globally. Bovine tuberculosis (bTB), caused byMycobacteriumbovis (M. bovis), is themost common form of wildlife tuberculosis. In South Africa, to date, ...
• Multi-phenotype genome-wide association study of clades causing tuberculosis in a Ghanaian- and South African cohort 

  Müller, Stephanie J.; Haiko, Schurz; Tromp, Gerard; Van der Spuy, Gian D.; Hoal, Eileen G.; Van Helden, Paul D.; Owusu-Dabo, Ellis; Meyer, Christian G.; Muntau, Birgit; Thye, Thorsten; Niemann, Stefan; Warren, Robin M.; Streicher, Elizabeth; Muller, Marlo; Kinnear, Craig (Elsevier Inc., 2021-04)

  Despite decades of research and advancements in diagnostics and treatment, tuberculosis remains a major public health concern. New computational methods are needed to interrogate the intersection of host- and bacterial genomes. ...
• Human whole genome sequencing in South Africa 

  Glanzmann, Brigitte; Jooste, Tracey; Ghoor, Samira; Gordon, Richard; Mia, Rizwana; Mao, Jun; Li, Hao; Charls, Patrick; Douman, Craig; Kotze, Maritha J.; Peeters, Armand V.; Loots, Glaudina; Esser, Monika; Tiemessen, Caroline T.; Wilkinson, Robert J.; Louw, Johan; Gray, Glenda; Warren, Robin M.; Moller, Marlo; Kinnear, Craig (Nature, 2021-01)

  The advent and evolution of next generation sequencing has considerably impacted genomic research. Until recently, South African researchers were unable to access affordable platforms capable of human whole genome sequencing ...
• T cell‑tropic HIV efciently infects alveolar macrophages through contact with infected CD4+T cells 

  Schiff, Abigail E.; Linder, Alice H.; Luhembo, Shillah N.; Banning, Stephanie; Deymier, Martin J.; Diefenbach, Thomas J.; Dickey, Amy K.; Tsibris, Athe M.; Balazs, Alejandro B.; Cho, Josalyn L.; Medoff, Benjamin D.; Walzl, Gerhard; Wilkinson, Robert J.; Burgers, Wendy A.; Corleis, Bjorn; Kwon, Douglas S. (Nature, 2021-02)

  Alveolar macrophages (AMs) are critical for defense against airborne pathogens and AM dysfunction is thought to contribute to the increased burden of pulmonary infections observed in individuals living with HIV-1 (HIV). ...
• Visualizing the dynamics of tuberculosis pathology using molecular imaging 

  Ordonez, Alvaro A.; Tucker, Elizabeth W.; Anderson, Carolyn J.; Carter, Claire L.; Ganatra, Shashank; Kaushal, Deepak; Kramnik, Igor; Lin, Philana L.; Madigan, Cressida A.; Mendez, Susana; Rao, Jianghong; Savic, Rada M.; Tobin, David M.; Walzl, Gerhard; Wilkinson, Robert J.; Lacourciere, Karen A.; Via, Laura E.; Jain, Sanjay K. (American Society for Clinical Investigation, 2021-03)

  Nearly 140 years after Robert Koch discovered Mycobacterium tuberculosis, tuberculosis (TB) remains a global threat and a deadly human pathogen. M. tuberculosis is notable for complex host-pathogen interactions that lead ...
• Comparative Performance of Genomic Methods for the Detection of Pyrazinamide Resistance and Heteroresistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis 

  Whitfield, Michael G.; Engelthaler, David M.; Allender, Christopher; Folkerts, Megan; Heupink, Tim H.; Limberis, Jason; Warren, Robin M.; Van Rie, Annelies; Metcalfe, John Z. (American Society for Microbiology, 2021)

  Pyrazinamide is an important component of both drug-susceptible and drug-resistant tuberculosis treatment regimens. Although approximately 50% of rifampin- resistant isolates are also resistant to pyrazinamide, pyrazinamide ...
• Tuberculous Meningitis: Pathogenesis, Immune Responses, Diagnostic Challenges, and the Potential of Biomarker-Based Approaches 

  Manyelo, Charles M.; Solomons, Regan S.; Walzl, Gerhard; Chegou, Novel N. (American Society for Microbiology, 2021-02)

  Tuberculous meningitis (TBM) is the most devastating form of tuberculosis (TB), causing high mortality or disability. Clinical management of the disease is challenging due to limitations of the existing diagnostic ...
• High diagnostic yield in skeletal ciliopathies using massively parallel genome sequencing, structural variant screening and RNA analyses 

  Hammarsjo, Anna; Pettersson, Maria; Chitayat, David; Handa, Atsuhiko; Anderlid, Britt-Marie; Bartocci, Marco; Basel, Donald; Batkovskyte, Dominyka; Beleza-Meireles, Ana; Conner, Peter; Eisfeldt, Jesper; Girisha, Katta M.; Hon-Yin Chung, Brian; Horemuzova, Eva; Hyodo, Hironobu; Korņejeva, Liene; Lagerstedt-Robinson, Kristina; Lin, Angela E.; Magnusson, Mans; Moosa, Shahida; Nayak, Shalini S.; Nilsson, Daniel; Ohashi, Hirofumi; Ohashi-Fukuda, Naoko; Stranneheim, Henrik; Taylan, Fulya; Traberg, Rasa; Voss, Ulrika; Wirta, Valtteri; Nordgren, Ann; Nishimura, Gen; Lindstrand, Anna; Grigelioniene, Giedre (Springer Nature Limited, 2021-04)

  Skeletal ciliopathies are a heterogenous group of disorders with overlapping clinical and radiographic features including bone dysplasia and internal abnormalities. To date, pathogenic variants in at least 30 genes, coding ...
• CCL1 and IL-2Ra differentiate Tuberculosis disease from latent infection Irrespective of HIV infection in low TB burden countries 

  Chendi, Bih H.; Tveiten, Hallgeir; Snyders, Candice I.; Tonby, Kristian; Jenum, Synne; Nielsen, Susanne Dam; Hove-Skovsgaard, Malene; Walzl, Gerhard; Chegou, Novel N.; Dyrhol-Riise, Anne M (ElsevierLtd, 2021-10)

  Objectives: To evaluate the performance of selected host immunological biomarkers in differentiating tu- berculosis (TB) disease from latent TB infection (LTBI) in HIV uninfected and infected individuals enrolled in TB ...
• 2'-5'-Oligoadenylate synthetase-like protein inhibits intracellular M. tuberculosis replication and promotes proinflammatory cytokine secretion 

  Leisching, G.; Ali, A.; Cole, V.; Baker, B. (Elsevier, 2019-12)

  Host cytoplasmic surveillance pathways are known to elicit type I interferon (IFN) responses which are crucial to antimicrobial defense mechanisms. Oligoadenylate synthetase-like (OASL) protein has been extensively ...
• Expression and production of the SERPING1-encoded endogenous complement regulator C1-inhibitor in multiple cohorts of tuberculosis patients 

  Lubbers, Rosalie; Sutherland, Jayne S.; Goletti, Delia; De Paus, Roelof A.; Dijkstra, Douwe J.; Van Moorsel, Coline H. M.; Veltkamp, Marcel; Vestjens, Stefan M. T.; Bos, Willem J. W.; Petrone, Linda; Malherbe, Stephanus T.; Walzl, Gerhard; Gelderman, Kyra A.; Groeneveld, Geert H.; Geluk, Annemieke; Ottenhoff, Tom H. M.; Joosten, Simone A.; Trouw, Leendert A. (Elsevier, 2020-03-13)

  Background To facilitate better discrimination between patients with active tuberculosis (TB) and latent TB infection (LTBI), whole blood transcriptomic studies have been performed to identify novel candidate host biomarkers. ...
• CRISPR interference screening model organisms for TB drugs development. 

  Masikantsi, Nenekazi (Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2022-11)

  ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Tuberculosis remains a global health burden despite the impetus in drug development mainly due to increasing Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tb) resistance against the available treatment regimens. ...
• Overexpression of mmpS5/mmpL5 in Mycobacterium tuberculosis reduces susceptibility to anti-tuberculosis drugs 

  Scott, Leere Ann (Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2022-12)

  ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Background: Bedaquiline (BDQ) is the first anti-tuberculosis (anti-TB) drug in recent years with a novel mode of action recommended for the treatment of multi-drug resistant-TB. Rv0678 is the most ...
• Antimycobacterial activity of ascidian fungal symbionts 

  Tapfuma, Kudzanai Ian (Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2022-12)

  ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease which primarily affects the lungs. Treatment of TB is complicated because the causative agent, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, is an intracellular pathogen which ...
• Investigation of Neurexin 2 as a candidate for Parkinson's Disease 

  Cuttler, Katelyn (Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2022-09)

  ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder which primarily affects movement and is characterized by the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc). There ...
• Differential RD-1-specific IFN-γ host responses to diverse Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains in HIV-uninfected persons may be explained by genotypic variation in the ESX-1 region 

  Tomasicchio, Michele; Limberis, Jason; van der Merwe, Ruben; Jacobson, Rachael; Meldau, Richard; Theron, Grant; Nicol, Mark; Warren, Rob; Dheda, Keertan (Elsevier, 2020-04)

  Objectives: Between-person variability in T-cell-specific interferon-gamma release assay (IGRA) responses and discordance between IGRA test formats are poorly understood. Methods: We evaluated the IFN-γ responses ...

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