The communication experiences of young adult stroke survivors with stroke-related communication difficulties

Date
2024-03
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Publisher
Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University
Abstract
ENGLISH SUMMARY: Background: The rising incidence of stroke among young adults has led to a growing population of survivors experiencing communication difficulties. Existing research highlights their frustration and feelings of invisibility, indicating a lack of acknowledgement of their unique needs in rehabilitation. This study employs the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF) as a holistic framework to explore the significant impact of stroke-related communication difficulties on young adults. Research aim: The aim was to describe the communication experiences of young adult stroke survivors with mild to moderate stroke-related communication difficulties who attended a public healthcare facility for speech-language therapy services in the Western Cape. The objective was to obtain information about the participants’ 1) communication experiences, 2) communication rehabilitation experiences, 3) communication needs and 4) areas to consider in their communication rehabilitation. Methods: The study employed a cross-sectional, descriptive phenomenological design. The sample of five young adults, who ranged in age from 26 to 49 years was selected through purposive homogeneous sampling from three different healthcare facilities. Males and females were included with various communication difficulties and comorbid stroke symptoms represented. An interview guide was used for data collection via semi-structured interviews. Thematic analysis based on descriptive phenomenology was used as the data analysis approach. Findings: The data analysis yielded five main themes describing the experiences of these five young adult with stroke-related communication difficulties. The first two themes emphasize emotions they experienced in relation to communication difficulties as well as adaptation to these difficulties, aligning with the holistic perspective of the ICF. The third theme addresses intrinsic factors to consider when addressing communication difficulties in this population, relating to the ICF’s focus on personal factors. Subthemes related to this theme include awareness of their communication difficulties, insight related to the impact of these difficulties, help-seeking behaviour, physical abilities, and alternative and augmentative communication (AAC). AAC emerged as a notable coping strategy, highlighting the multifaceted nature of personal factors influencing its successful implementation. Beyond personal aspects, three subthemes related to the environment shaped the participants’ experiences, aligning with the ICF’s consideration of environmental factors. These include the environment's impact on participation, communication partners’ needs, and their influence on the independence of young adults with stroke-related communication difficulties. Lastly, the research findings illustrate the need for speech-language therapists (SLTs) to integrate the principles of the ICF into their approach to management of young adult stroke survivors with stroke-related communication difficulties. Considering both personal and environmental factors in training, feedback, and support is vital for facilitating participation in communication for young adult stroke survivors with communication difficulties. Conclusion: By exploring emotional aspects, personal factors, environmental influences, and the contribution of SLTs, it is possible to develop more nuanced and personalised rehabilitation strategies for young adults with stroke-related communication difficulties. Aligned with the principles of the ICF, such strategies hold the potential to enhance the quality of life, communication, and communication rehabilitation experiences for young adults with stroke-related communication difficulties.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Agtergrond: Die stygende voorkoms van beroerte onder jong volwassenes het gelei tot 'n groeiende bevolking van oorlewendes wat kommunikasieprobleme ervaar. Bestaande navorsing beklemtoon hul frustrasie en gevoelens van onsigbaarheid, wat 'n gebrek aan erkenning van hul unieke behoeftes in rehabilitasie aandui. Hierdie studie gebruik die Internasionale Klassifikasie van Funksionering, Gestremdheid en Gesondheid (ICF) as 'n omvattende raamwerk om die beduidende impak van beroerte-verwante kommunikasieprobleme op jong volwassenes te ondersoek. Navorsingsdoelwit: Die doel was om die kommunikasie-ervarings van jong volwasse beroerte-oorlewendes met ligte tot matige beroerte-verwante kommunikasieprobleme te beskryf wat 'n openbare gesondheidsorgfasiliteit vir spraakterapiedienste in die Wes-Kaap bygewoon het. Die doelwit was om inligting te bekom oor die deelnemers se 1) kommunikasie-ervarings, 2) kommunikasie-rehabilitasie-ervarings, 3) kommunikasiebehoeftes en 4) areas om te oorweeg in hul kommunikasie-rehabilitasie. Metodes: Die studie het 'n deursnee-beskrywende fenomenologiese ontwerp gebruik. Die steekproef van vyf jong volwassenes, wat in die ouderdom van 26 tot 49 jaar wissel, is gekies deur doelgerigte homogene steekproefneming van drie verskillende gesondheidsorgfasiliteite. Mans en vroue is ingesluit met verskeie kommunikasieprobleme en comorbide beroerte simptome verteenwoordig. 'n Onderhoudgids is gebruik vir data-insameling via semi-gestruktureerde onderhoude. Tematiese analise gebaseer op beskrywende fenomenologie is as die data-analise benadering gebruik. Bevindinge: Die data-analise het vyf hooftemas opgelewer wat die ervarings van hierdie vyf jong volwasse beroerte-oorlewendes met kommunikasieprobleme beskryf. Die eerste twee temas beklemtoon emosies wat hulle ervaar het met betrekking tot kommunikasieprobleme sowel as aanpassing by hierdie probleme, wat ooreenstem met die omvattebde perspektief van die ICF. Die derde tema spreek intrinsieke faktore aan om in ag te neem wanneer kommunikasieprobleme in hierdie populasie aangespreek word, wat verband hou met die ICF se fokus op persoonlike faktore. Subtemas wat met hierdie tema verband hou, sluit in bewustheid van hul kommunikasieprobleme, insig wat verband hou met die impak van hierdie probleme, hulpsoekende gedrag, fisiese vermoens en alternatiewe en aanvullende kommunikasie (AAK). AAK het na vore gekom as 'n noemenswaardige hanteringstrategie, wat die veelsydige aard van persoonlike faktore wat die suksesvolle implementering daarvan beinvloed, beklemtoon. Behalwe vir persoonlike aspekte, het drie subtemas wat met die omgewing verband hou, wat ooreenstem met die ICF se oorweging van omgewingsfaktore, die deelnemers se ervarings gevorm. Dit sluit in die omgewing se impak op deelname, kommunikasievennote se behoeftes, en hul invloed op die onafhanklikheid van jong volwasse beroerte-oorlewendes met beroerteverwante kommunikasieprobleme. Laastens illustreer die navorsingsbevindinge die behoefte aan spraak-taalterapeute (SLT'e) om die beginsels van die ICF in hul benadering te integreer. Die inagneming van beide persoonlike en omgewingsfaktore in opleiding, terugvoer en ondersteuning is noodsaaklik vir die fasilitering van deelname aan kommunikasie vir jong volwasse beroerte-oorlewendes met kommunikasieprobleme. Gevolgtrekking: Deur emosionele aspekte, persoonlike faktore, omgewingsinvloede en die bydrae van SLT’e te ondersoek, is dit moontlik om meer verfynde en persoonlike rehabilitasiestrategiee vir jong volwassenes met beroerteverwante kommunikasieprobleme te ontwikkel. In ooreenstemming met die beginsels van die ICF, hou sulke strategiee die potensiaal in om die lewenskwaliteit, kommunikasie en kommunikasie-rehabilitasie-ervarings vir jong volwasse beroerte-oorlewendes met kommunikasieprobleme te verbeter.
Description
Thesis (MSL&HT)--Stellenbosch University, 2024.
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