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Research Articles (Paediatrics and Child Health)
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Maternal and infant outcomes among pregnant women treated for multidrug/rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis in South Africa
(Oxford University Press, 2021-04)Background Data on safety and efficacy of second-line tuberculosis drugs in pregnant women and their infants are severely limited due to exclusion from clinical trials and expanded access programs. Methods Pregnant ... -
Autonomy in asthma management
(Allergy Society of South Africa (ALLSA), 2021-12)The principle of autonomy is one of the pillars of the four principles approach to medical ethics. Autonomous patients should be respected and have the right and the freedom to make their own decisions regarding their ... -
Life-threatening asthma in children: a review
(Allergy Society of South Africa (ALLSA), 2021-12-01)We present a case of a child presenting with well-described but poorly recognised symptoms of life-threatening asthma that were initially missed. We present a management protocol for life-threatening asthma, for which ... -
Misinformation in the Covid-19 era
(NeuroInterventional Surgery, 2020-08-14)Misinformation in the digital era has the potential to undermine the efforts of health authorities and professionals to keep the public informed. This is evident in the slew of misinformation around COVID-19 prevention, ... -
Telemedicine, allergy and the COVID-19 pandemic
(Allergy Society of South Africa (ALLSA), 2021-06)The global COVID-19 pandemic has changed the world and healthcare practice. Telemedicine is important in reaching underserved and rural populations. But it has also become important in limiting the exposure of patients ... -
PROTEA, a Southern African multicenter congenital heart disease registry and biorepository: rationale, design, and initial results
(Frontiers Media S.A., 2021-10)Objectives: The PartneRships in cOngeniTal hEart disease (PROTEA) project aims to establish a densely phenotyped and genotyped Congenital Heart Disease (CHD) cohort for southern Africa. This will facilitate research into ... -
Pharmacokinetics and drug-drug interactions of abacavir and lamuvudine co-administered with antituberculosis drugs in HIV-positive children treated for multidrug-resistant tuberculosis
(Frontiers Media S.A, 2021-10-08)Given the high prevalence of multidrug-resistant (MDR)-TB in high HIV burden settings, it is important to identify potential drug-drug interactions between MDR-TB treatment and widely used nucleoside reverse transcriptase ... -
Mortality during tuberculosis treatment in South Africa using an 8-year analysis of the national tuberculosis treatment register
(Nature, 2021-08)In 2011, the South African HIV treatment eligibility criteria were expanded to allow all tuberculosis (TB) patients lifelong ART. The impact of this change on TB mortality in South Africa is not known. We evaluated mortality ... -
Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis suppression in asthma: A glucocorticoid receptor polymorphism may protect
(John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2021-01)Background: Asthmatic children on corticosteroids can develop hypothalamic-pituitary- adrenal axis suppression (HPAS). Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) rs242941 and rs1876828 of the corticotrophin-releasing hormone ... -
Epidemiology of clinically suspected and laboratory-confirmed bloodstream infections at a South African neonatal unit
(JIDC, 2021-07)Introduction: Data from Africa reporting the epidemiology of infection in hospitalised neonates are limited. Methodology: A prospective study with convenience sampling was conducted to characterise neonates investigated ... -
Outcomes of extremely low-birthweight neonates at a tertiary hospital in the Western Cape, South Africa : a retrospective cohort study
(Health & Medical Publishing Group, 2021-10)Background. Neonates of extremely low birthweight (ELBW; <1 000 g) have the highest neonatal mortality in South Africa (SA). Objective. To describe the morbidity and mortality of ELBW neonates treated at a tertiary ... -
Clinical perspectives on treatment of rifampicin-resistant/multidrug-resistant TB
(International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, 2020-11)Rapid diagnostics, newer drugs, repurposed medications, and shorter regimens have radically altered the landscape for treating rifampicin-resistant TB (RR-TB) and multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB). There are multiple ongoing ... -
Implementing novel regimens for drug-resistant TB in South Africa : what can the world learn?
(International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, 2020-10)Worldwide uptake of new drugs in the treatment of rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis (RR-TB) has been extremely low. In June 2018, ahead of the release of the updated WHO guidelines for the management of RR-TB, South Africa ... -
Horizontal HIV transmission to children of HIV-uninfected mothers : a case series and review of the global literature
(Elsevier, 2020-09-01)Background: Vertical transmission is the predominant route for acquisition of HIV infection in children, either in utero, intrapartum or postnatally through breast feeding. Less frequently, children may acquire HIV by ... -
MDR/XDR-TB management of patients and contacts : challenges facing the new decade. The 2020 clinical update by the Global Tuberculosis Network
(Elsevier, 2020-03)The continuous flow of new research articles on MDR-TB diagnosis, treatment, prevention and rehabilitation requires frequent update of existing guidelines. This review is aimed at providing clinicians and public health ... -
Willingness to take multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) preventive therapy among adult and adolescent household contacts of MDR-TB index cases : an international multisite cross-sectional study
(Oxford University Press, 2020-02)Background. Household contacts (HHCs) of individuals with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) are at high risk of infection and subsequent disease. There is limited evidence on the willingness of MDR-TB HHCs to take ... -
Widening the lens to ensure children who are Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) exposed are alive, HIV free, and thriving
(Oxford University Press, 2020-01)The “Start Free” component of the “Start Free Stay Free AIDS Free” framework, launched in 2016 by the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) and the US President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR), aims ... -
Single dose abacavir pharmacokinetics and safety in neonates exposed to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
(Oxford University Press, 2021-06)Abacavir is a potential option for prophylaxis and early treatment of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), but no data are available in neonates. Ten neonates administered a single abacavir dose of 8 mg/kg before 15 days ... -
Feasibility of identifying household contacts of rifampin-and multidrug-resistant tuberculosis cases at high risk of progression to tuberculosis disease
(Oxford University Press, 2020-01)Background: We assessed multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) cases and their household contacts (HHCs) to inform the development of an interventional clinical trial. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study ... -
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pharmacologic treatments for children : research priorities and approach to pediatric studies
(Oxford University Press, 2020-06)Clinical trials of pharmacologic treatments of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are being rapidly designed and implemented in adults. Children are often not considered during development of novel treatments for infectious ...
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