Research Articles (Paediatrics and Child Health)
Recent Submissions
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Output from the CIHR Canadian HIV Trials Network international postdoctoral fellowship for capacity building in HIV clinical trials
(Dove Medical Press, 2018)ENGLISH ABSTRACT: As a response to the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) epidemic and part of Canadian Institutes for Health Research’s mandate to support international health research capacity building, the Canadian ... -
The wonder years : what can primary school children teach us about immunity to mycobacterium tuberculosis?
(Frontiers Media, 2018)ENGLISH ABSTRACT: In high burden settings, the risk of infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis increases throughout childhood due to cumulative exposure. However, the risk of progressing from tuberculosis (TB) infection ... -
Human monocytic suppressive cells promote replication of mycobacterium tuberculosis and alter stability of in vitro generated granulomas
(Frontiers Media, 2018)ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Tuberculosis (TB) has tremendous public health relevance. It most frequently affects the lung and is characterized by the development of unique tissue lesions, termed granulomas. These lesions encompass ... -
Perinatal HIV infection or exposure is associated with low N-acetylaspartate and glutamate in basal ganglia at age 9 but not 7 years
(Frontiers Media, 2018)ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Abnormalities of the basal ganglia are frequently seen in HIV-infected (HIV+) children despite antiretroviral treatment (ART) initiation during childhood. Assessment of metabolites associated with neuronal ... -
Functional connectivity alterations between networks and associations with infant immune health within networks in HIV infected children on early treatment : a study at 7 years
(Frontiers Media, 2018)ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Although HIV has been shown to impact brain connectivity in adults and youth, it is not yet known to what extent long-term early antiretroviral therapy (ART) may alter these effects, especially during ... -
Central-line-associated bloodstream infections in a resource-limited South African neonatal intensive care unit
(Health and Medical Publishing Group, 2017)Background. The rate of central-line-associated bloodstream infection (CLABSI) in South African (SA) public sector neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) is unknown. Tygerberg Children’s Hospital (TCH), Cape Town, introduced ... -
Longitudinal increases of brain metabolite levels in 5-10 year old children
(Public Library of Science, 2017)Longitudinal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) studies reveal significant changes in brain structure and structural networks that occur together with cognitive and behavioral maturation ... -
A universal testing and treatment intervention to improve HIV control : one-year results from intervention communities in Zambia in the HPTN 071 (PopART) cluster-randomised trial
(Public Library of Science, 2017)Background: The Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) 90-90-90 targets require that, by 2020, 90% of those living with HIV know their status, 90% of known HIV-positive individuals receive sustained antiretroviral ... -
A cross-sectional descriptive study of breastfeeding behaviour and galactogogue use among private-sector patients in Cape Town, South Africa
(Health and Medical Publishing Group, 2017-05)Background. Failure to exclusively breastfeed is often caused by a perception of insufficient breastmilk supply. Galactogogues are frequently prescribed in these circumstances, but this is supported by sparse scientific ... -
Surveillance of healthcare-associated infection in hospitalised South African children : Which method performs best?
(Health & Medical Publishing Group, 2017)Background. In 2012, the South African (SA) National Department of Health mandated surveillance of healthcare-associated infection (HAI), but made no recommendations of appropriate surveillance methods. Methods. Prospective ... -
When students become patients : TB disease among medical undergraduates in Cape Town, South Africa
(Health & Medical Publishing Group, 2017)Background. Medical students acquire latent tuberculosis (TB) infection at a rate of 23 cases/100 person-years. The frequency and impact of occupational TB disease in this population are unknown. Methods. A self-administered ... -
Obstructive pulmonary disease in patients with previous tuberculosis : pathophysiology of a community-based cohort
(Health & Medical Publishing Group, 2017)Background. An association between chronic airflow limitation (CAL) and a history of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) has been confirmed in epidemiological studies, but the mechanisms responsible for this association are ... -
Kaposi’s sarcoma : good outcome with doxorubicin, bleomycin and vincristine sulphate (ABV) chemotherapy and highly active antiretroviral therapy
(Health & Medical Publishing Group, 2017)There is little published information on effective treatment of Kaposi’s sarcoma (KS) in children in low-income countries. We prospectively treated 12 patients with an institutional review board-approved protocol consisting ... -
A framework for preventing healthcare-associated infection in neonates and children in South Africa
(Health & Medical Publishing Group, 2017)Healthcare-associated infection (HAI) is a frequent and serious complication affecting 4 - 8% of hospitalised children and neonates in high-income countries. The burden of HAI in South African (SA) paediatric and neonatal ... -
Targeting mothers and selling men what they do not want : a response to "Missed opportunities for circumcision of boys"
(Health & Medical Publishing Group, 2017)No abstract available -
Immunisation coverage in the rural Eastern Cape – are we getting the basics of primary care right? results from a longitudinal prospective cohort study
(Health & Medical Publishing Group, 2017-01)Background. Immunisations are one of the most cost-effective public health interventions available and South Africa (SA) has implemented a comprehensive immunisation schedule. However, there is disagreement about the level ... -
Child contact management in high tuberculosis burden countries : a mixed-methods systematic review
(Public Library of Science, 2017-03-08)ENGLISH Abstract: Tuberculosis (TB) remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Considering the World Health Organization recommendation to implement child contact management (CCM) for TB, we conducted a ... -
Effectiveness of the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine against invasive pneumococcal disease in South African children : a case-control study
(Elsevier, 2017-01-27)Background: The 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) was designed to include disease-causing serotypes that are important in low-income and middle-income countries. Vaccine eff ectiveness estimates are scarce in ... -
Where do HIV-infected adolescents go after transfer? – Tracking transition/transfer of HIV-infected adolescents using linkage of cohort data to a health information system platform
(Wiley Open Access, 2017)Introduction: To evaluate long-term outcomes in HIV-infected adolescents, it is important to identify ways of tracking outcomes after transfer to a different health facility. The Department of Health (DoH) in the Western ... -
Cross‐cultural assessment of HIV‐associated cognitive impairment using the Kaufman assessment battery for children : a systematic review
(Wiley Open Access, 2017)Introduction: Despite improved efficacy of, and access to, combination antiretroviral therapy (cART), HIV‐associated cognitive impairments remain prevalent in both children and adults. Neuropsychological tests that detect ...
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