Research Articles (Paediatrics and Child Health)
Recent Submissions
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Hybrid lesion in a child presenting with cough, fever and haemoptysis
(BMJ Publishing Group, 2020-10-08)ENGLISH ABSTRACT: A 10-year-old boy presented with minimal haemop-tysis after 1 week of cough and fever. He had a similar presentation 3 years earlier; the diagnosis at that stage was right lower lobe pneumonia. He is ... -
Pharmacokinetics and Drug-Drug Interactions of Isoniazid and Efavirenz in Pregnant Women Living With HIV in High TB Incidence Settings: Importance of Genotyping
(John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2020)The World Health Organization guidelines recommend that individuals living with HIV receive ≥ 6 months of isoniazid preventive therapy, including pregnant women. Yet, plasma isoniazid exposure during pregnancy, in the ... -
Host directed therapies for tuberculous meningitis
(Wellcome Trust, 2020-07-01)ENGLISH ABSTRACT: A dysregulated host immune response significantly contributes to morbidity and mortality in tuberculous meningitis (TBM). Effective host directed therapies (HDTs) are critical to improve survival and ... -
Effectiveness of antimicrobial stewardship programmes in neonatology: a systematic review
(2019)Introduction Antimicrobial stewardship programmes (ASPs) are recommended to improve antibiotic use in healthcare and reduce antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Our aim was to investigate the effectiveness of ASPs in reducing ... -
Towards understanding global patterns of antimicrobial use and resistance in neonatal sepsis: Insights from the NeoAMR network
(2019-08)Objective To gain an understanding of the variation in available resources and clinical practices between neonatal units (NNUs) in the low-income and middle-income country (LMIC) setting to inform the design of an observational ... -
Mobile Health Technology for Enhancing the COVID-19 Response in Africa: A Potential Game Changer?
(2020-05)Disclosure: J. B. N. is also a coprincipal investigator of TOGETHER, an adaptive randomized clinical trial of novel agents for treatment of high-risk outpatient COVID-19 patients in South Africa; supported by the Bill & ... -
Abacavir Exposure in Children Cotreated for Tuberculosis with Rifampin and Superboosted Lopinavir-Ritonavir
(2020-05)ABSTRACT In children requiring lopinavir coformulated with ritonavir in a 4:1 ratio (lopinavir-ritonavir-4:1) and rifampin, adding ritonavir to achieve a 4:4 ratio with lopi-navir (LPV/r-4:4) overcomes the drug-drug ... -
Assessment of the delayed repair of uncomplicated inguinal hernias in infants
(Medpharm, 2020-03)BACKGROUND: Potential strangulation of infant inguinal hernias is the main indication for their urgent repair. Lack of theatre time delays repair and prolongs hospitalisation. We report a series of patients with uncomplicated ... -
Neurocognitive and functional impairment in adult and paediatric tuberculous meningitis [version 1; peer review: 2 approved]
(F1000Research, 2019)ENGLISH ABSTRACT: In those who survive tuberculous meningitis (TBM), the long-term outcome is uncertain; individuals may suffer neurocognitive, functional and psychiatric impairment, which may significantly affect their ... -
Management of intracranial tuberculous mass lesions : how long should we treat for? [version 3; peer review: 3 approved]
(F1000Research, 2019)ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Tuberculous intracranial mass lesions are common in settings with high tuberculosis (TB) incidence and HIV prevalence. The diagnosis such lesions, which include tuberculoma and tuberculous abscesses, ... -
Recent Developments in Tuberculous Meningitis Pathogenesis and Diagnostics [version 3; peer review: 3 approved]
(F1000Research, 2019)ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The pathogenesis of Tuberculous meningitis (TBM) is poorly understood, but contemporary molecular biology technologies have allowed for recent improvements in our understanding of TBM. For instance, ... -
The association between preterm labour, perinatal mortality and infant death (during the first year) in Bishop Lavis, Cape Town, South Africa
(Health & Medical Publishing Group, 2019)Background. We present further analyses from the Safe Passage Study, where the effect of alcohol exposure during pregnancy on sudden infant death syndrome and stillbirth was investigated. Objectives. To describe pregnancy ... -
Indoor air pollution and tobacco smoke exposure : impact on nasopharyngeal bacterial carriage in mothers and infants in an African birth cohort study
(European Respiratory Society, 2019)ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Indoor air pollution (IAP) or environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) exposure may influence nasopharyngeal carriage of bacterial species and development of lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI). The aim of ... -
Isoniazid Preventive Therapy in HIV-Infected Pregnant and Postpartum Women
(Massachusetts Medical Society, 2019-10-03)BACKGROUND: The safety, efficacy, and appropriate timing of isoniazid therapy to prevent tuberculosis in pregnant women with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection who are receiving antiretroviral therapy are ... -
Identification of an iron-responsive subtype in two children diagnosed with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis using whole exome sequencing
(Elsevier, 2019-06)Background: Multiple sclerosis is a disorder related to demyelination of axons. Iron is an essential cofactor in myelin synthesis. Previously, we described two children (males of mixed ancestry) with relapsing-remitting ... -
Tuberculous meningitis in children is characterized by compartmentalized immune responses and neural excitotoxicity
(Nature Research (part of Springer Nature), 2019)ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Tuberculous meningitis (TBM) is the most severe form of TB with high rates of mortality and morbidity. Here we conduct RNA-sequencing on whole blood as well as on ventricular and lumbar cerebrospinal fluid ... -
A child with perinatal HIV infection and long-term sustained virological control following antiretroviral treatment cessation
(Nature Research (part of Springer Nature), 2019)ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Understanding HIV remission in rare individuals who initiated antiretroviral therapy (ART) soon after infection and then discontinued, may inform HIV cure interventions. Here we describe features of virus ... -
Asthma treatment in children : a guide to screening for and management of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis suppression
(Health & Medical Publishing Group, 2019)ENGLISH ABSTRACT: A recently published approach to paediatric asthma management neither recommended screening for nor suggested any management of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis suppression in asthmatic children treated ... -
The impact of health programmes to prevent vertical transmission of HIV. Advances, emerging health challenges and research priorities for children exposed to or living with HIV : perspectives from South Africa
(Health & Medical Publishing Group, 2019)ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Over the past three decades, tremendous global progress in preventing and treating paediatric HIV infection has been achieved. This paper highlights the emerging health challenges of HIV-exposed uninfected ... -
Acquired neonatal bronchial stenosis after selective intubation : successful managed with balloon dilatation
(Wiley Open Access, 2019)ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Premature babies are prone to airway‐related complications. Selective intubation for the management of pulmonary interstitial emphysema may cause acquired bronchial stenosis. Balloon dilatation under ...
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