Ethnicity and characteristics of Hodgkin lymphoma in children

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dc.contributor.authorStefan D.C.
dc.contributor.authorStones D.
dc.contributor.authorDippenaar A.
dc.contributor.authorKidd M.
dc.date.accessioned2011-05-15T16:17:35Z
dc.date.available2011-05-15T16:17:35Z
dc.date.issued2009
dc.description.abstractAim. To identify ethnic group differences in the prognostic of Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) in South African children. Patients and Methods. In order to create a larger database, cases were pooled from two South African hospitals: Tygerberg in the Western Cape and Bloemfontein Academic Complex in Free State. Self-assigned ethnicity was used to allocate the children to the following groups: black, white, and colored (historical descendants of couples of distinct ethnicity, the "Cape colored" are the largest population group in Western Cape). Retrospective data over 21 years were obtained from the tumor registry. Age at presentation, sex, ethnic group, stage, histological type, treatment protocol, event-free survival interval, and mortality were analyzed. The statistical significance of the findings was tested using the chi-square, Mann-Whitney U, and Kruskal-Wallis tests, as indicated. Results. The study population of 138 comprised 78 black (56.5%), 38 colored (27.5%), and 22 white (16%) children under 15 years of age. There was a 3:1 predominance of the male gender. The median age at diagnosis was 8 years 11 months. Black patients presented at the youngest age (median 103 months), whereas white patients were the oldest at presentation (median age 133 months; P = 0.04). Forty-five percent of all patients were seen in stage 2. Black and colored patients presented with significantly more advanced stage disease (P = 0.04) than whites. B symptoms were evenly distributed among ethnic groups; they increased the mortality ratio from 10% to 33% (P = 0.0019). Histologically, mixed cellularity was seen in 50% of the black children, while nodular sclerosis was found in 50% of whites. The overall survival rate is 79%, with 68% in whites, 84% in patients of mixed ethnicity, and 79% in blacks (P = 0.35). Conclusions. White children had the worst HL prognosis in this series, in spite of a less advanced stage at presentation. © 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
dc.description.versionArticle
dc.identifier.citationPediatric Blood and Cancer
dc.identifier.citation52
dc.identifier.citation2
dc.identifier.issn15455009
dc.identifier.other10.1002/pbc.21804
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/14285
dc.subjectbleomycin
dc.subjectchlormethine
dc.subjectcyclophosphamide
dc.subjectdacarbazine
dc.subjectdoxorubicin
dc.subjectetoposide
dc.subjectprednisolone
dc.subjectprednisone
dc.subjectprocarbazine
dc.subjectvinblastine
dc.subjectvincristine
dc.subjectadolescent
dc.subjectAfrican American
dc.subjectage distribution
dc.subjectarticle
dc.subjectcancer combination chemotherapy
dc.subjectcancer diagnosis
dc.subjectcancer mortality
dc.subjectcancer radiotherapy
dc.subjectcancer registry
dc.subjectcancer survival
dc.subjectchild
dc.subjectchildhood mortality
dc.subjectclinical feature
dc.subjectclinical protocol
dc.subjectcontrolled study
dc.subjectethnic difference
dc.subjectethnicity
dc.subjectfemale
dc.subjecthistopathology
dc.subjectHodgkin disease
dc.subjecthuman
dc.subjectinfant
dc.subjectmajor clinical study
dc.subjectmale
dc.subjectnodular sclerosis Hodgkin lymphoma
dc.subjectoverall survival
dc.subjectpopulation research
dc.subjectpreschool child
dc.subjectpriority journal
dc.subjectprognosis
dc.subjectschool child
dc.subjectsex difference
dc.subjectSouth Africa
dc.subjectsurvival rate
dc.subjectCaucasian
dc.subjectclinical trial
dc.subjectethnic group
dc.subjectethnology
dc.subjectmulticenter study
dc.subjectNegro
dc.subjectpathology
dc.subjectretrospective study
dc.subjectAfrican Continental Ancestry Group
dc.subjectChild
dc.subjectEthnic Groups
dc.subjectEuropean Continental Ancestry Group
dc.subjectFemale
dc.subjectHodgkin Disease
dc.subjectHumans
dc.subjectMale
dc.subjectPrognosis
dc.subjectRetrospective Studies
dc.subjectSouth Africa
dc.subjectSurvival Rate
dc.titleEthnicity and characteristics of Hodgkin lymphoma in children
dc.typeArticle
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