Exploring management practices of water resources and infrastructure at local government level as a threat to water security in South Africa

Date
2020-12
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University
Abstract
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Water resources management at local government level were explored as a threat to South Africa's national security. This study made use of a qualitative descriptive approach and an extensive literature review. The background to the current state of water affairs in South Africa and the management of water resources are discussed. The local government was chosen as the unit of analysis, as it serves the people in their communities. A theoretical and conceptual descriptive research approach was used and supported by accessible literature to create a connection between management theory and the current state of water management in South Africa. It is proposed that South Africa should make every effort to identify and address all water-related challenges that may contribute to water insecurity. Public entities are the backbone of the country’s water sector, spanning from catchment management agencies to municipal water service providers. They guarantee that there is water in the taps and that wastewater is treated. All businesses and all households use water and dispose of water; therefore water is everyone's business. South Africa’s rivers and streams are polluted every day, seemingly without any consequence management. The evidence shows that there is a loss of strategic direction and a struggle, if not some confusion, at local government level to get the fundamentals right. The basics need to be in place in business so that there is a sound basis from which to build and move forward. The same principle must apply to water management. Under normal circumstances, evidence shows that municipalities are unable to deal with even basic services such as clean water and sanitation, maintenance and repair of existing infrastructure. It is doubtful that local government will be able to deal with these challenges under extraordinary circumstances when extreme events such as droughts and floods take place as a consequence of climate change. Service delivery records indicate that local government is not rendering effective and efficient municipal services to all people. Some municipalities are entirely dysfunctional. In an attempt to identify poor management practices at local government as a threat to water security, it became evident that in cases where municipalities fail to render safe drinking water and dispose of wastewater responsibly, those municipalities are in breach of Section 24 of the Bill of Rights. Inappropriate and cavalier management practices deny South Africans a prosperous and secure future, as water is the cornerstone to the country’s future. Food security and water security are linked, and like a set of dominos that falls due to poor management practices, without water security, national security can come under threat.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die bestuur van waterbronne op plaaslike regeringsvlak is ondersoek om te bepaal of Suid Afrika se stand van nasionale sekerheid bedreig word. Die studie is gebaseer op ʼn kwalitatiewe deskriptiewe benadering gepaardgaande met ʼn omvattende literatuurstudie. Die agtergrond van wateraangeleenthede asook die bestuur van waterhulpbronne in Suid Afrika word bespreek. Die plaaslike regering is gekies as die eenheid van analise, aangesien dit die entiteit is wat ʼn diens lewer aan die mense op voetsoolvlak. ʼn Teoretiese asook deskriptiewe benadering is gevolg, gerugsteun deur beskikbare literatuur om die verbintenis te maak tussen die teorie van bestuurspraktyk en wateraangeleenthede. Daar word aanbeveel dat Suid Afrika moet poog om alle bedreigings van waterbronne asook watersekuriteit te hanteer. Burgerlike organisasies vorm die hoeksteen van die watersektor, wat wissel van opvangsbestuuragentskappe tot munisipale waterdiensverskaffers. Alle besighede en alle huishoudings gebruik water en genereer afvalwater. Derhalwe is water almal se verantwoordelikheid. Die land se riviere en strome word besoedel sonder enige klaarblyklike nagevolge. Daar is bevind dat plaaslike regerings sukkel om die basiese beginsels van bestuur reg toe te pas, asook om strategies rigtinggewend op te tree. Die basiese beginsels behoort gevestig te wees ten einde ʼn hegte basis te skep waarop verder gebou kan word. Dieselfde beginsel behoort te geld vir waterbestuur. Plaaslike regerings is onder normale omstandighede nie in staat om basiese dienste soos watervoorsiening, sanitasie of herstel en instandinhouding van bestaande infrastruktuur suksesvol te lewer nie. Dit is dus te betwyfel of hulle onder buitengewone omstandighede, soos wanneer vloede en droogtes weens klimaatsverandering kan plaasvind, in staat sal wees om die uitdagings te hanteer. In breë trekke word uitgewys dat plaaslike regerings toenemend onbekwaam is om effektiewe dienste aan gemeenskappe te lewer. Sommige munisipaliteite het totaal verval in ʼn staat van disfunksionaliteit. In ʼn poging om swak bestuurspraktyke op plaaslike regeringsvlak te identifiseer, het dit duidelik geblyk dat waar munispaliteite in gebreke bly om skoon drinkwater aan gemeenskappe te lewer, asook om op ʼn veilige wyse oor afvalwater te beskik, diesulke munispaliteite Artikel 24 van die Handves van Regte oortree. Weens onaanvaarbare en onverskillige bestuurspraktyke word Suid Afrikaners die geleentheid misgun om deel te hê aan ʼn vooruitstrewende toekoms met water as hoeksteen van ons toekoms. Sonder water is daar geen toekoms nie. Voedselsekerheid en watersekerheid is onafskeidbaar verbind en soos ʼn stel domino’s wat val as gevolg van swak bestuurspraktyke, kan onvoldoende watersekerheid nasionale sekerheid in gedrang bring.
Description
Thesis (MMil)--Stellenbosch University, 2020.
Keywords
water security, local government, climate change, management, Water security -- Africa, Southern, National security -- Africa, Southern, Local government -- South Africa, Water quality management -- South Africa, Water-supply -- Climatic factors, Water -- Climatic factors, Water -- Effect of global warming on, UCTD
Citation