Blood-based DNA methylation biomarkers for type 2 diabetes : potential for clinical applications

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dc.contributor.authorWillmer, Tarrynen_ZA
dc.contributor.authorJohnson, Rabiaen_ZA
dc.contributor.authorLouw, Johanen_ZA
dc.contributor.authorPheiffer, Carmenen_ZA
dc.date.accessioned2019-09-23T06:44:23Z
dc.date.available2019-09-23T06:44:23Z
dc.date.issued2018
dc.descriptionCITATION: Willmer, T., et al. 2018. Blood-based DNA methylation biomarkers for type 2 diabetes : potential for clinical applications. Frontiers in Endocrinology, 9:744, doi:10.3389/fendo.2018.00744.
dc.descriptionThe original publication is available at https://www.frontiersin.org
dc.description.abstractENGLISH ABSTRACT: Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a leading cause of death and disability worldwide. It is a chronic metabolic disorder that develops due to an interplay of genetic, lifestyle, and environmental factors. The biological onset of the disease occurs long before clinical symptoms develop, thus the search for early diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers, which could facilitate intervention strategies to prevent or delay disease progression, has increased considerably in recent years. Epigenetic modifications represent important links between genetic, environmental and lifestyle cues and increasing evidence implicate altered epigenetic marks such as DNA methylation, the most characterized and widely studied epigenetic mechanism, in the pathogenesis of T2D. This review provides an update of the current status of DNA methylation as a biomarker for T2D. Four databases, Scopus, Pubmed, Cochrane Central, and Google Scholar were searched for studies investigating DNA methylation in blood. Thirty-seven studies were identified, and are summarized with respect to population characteristics, biological source, and method of DNA methylation quantification (global, candidate gene or genome-wide). We highlight that differential methylation of the TCF7L2, KCNQ1, ABCG1, TXNIP, PHOSPHO1, SREBF1, SLC30A8, and FTO genes in blood are reproducibly associated with T2D in different population groups. These genes should be prioritized and replicated in longitudinal studies across more populations in future studies. Finally, we discuss the limitations faced by DNA methylation studies, which include including interpatient variability, cellular heterogeneity, and lack of accounting for study confounders. These limitations and challenges must be overcome before the implementation of blood-based DNA methylation biomarkers into a clinical setting. We emphasize the need for longitudinal prospective studies to support the robustness of the current findings of this review.en_ZA
dc.description.urihttps://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fendo.2018.00744/full
dc.description.versionPublisher's version
dc.format.extent16 pagesen_ZA
dc.identifier.citationWillmer, T., et al. 2018. Blood-based DNA methylation biomarkers for type 2 diabetes : potential for clinical applications. Frontiers in Endocrinology, 9:744, doi:10.3389/fendo.2018.00744
dc.identifier.issn1664-2392 (online)
dc.identifier.otherdoi:10.3389/fendo.2018.00744
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/106512
dc.language.isoen_ZAen_ZA
dc.publisherFrontiers Mediaen_ZA
dc.rights.holderAuthors retain copyrighten_ZA
dc.subjectGenetic markersen_ZA
dc.subjectStable diabetesen_ZA
dc.subjectMethylationen_ZA
dc.subjectDiabetes mellitusen_ZA
dc.titleBlood-based DNA methylation biomarkers for type 2 diabetes : potential for clinical applicationsen_ZA
dc.typeArticleen_ZA
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