Poging om die Aegilops sharonensis-verhaalde Lr56/Yr38 koringtranslokasie te verkort

Date
2008-12
Authors
Badenhorst, Pieter Engelbertus
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University
Abstract
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The wheat resistance genes, Lr56 (leaf rust) and Yr38 (stripe rust), occur on an Aegilops sharonensis-derived translocation which spans the entire 6AS chromosome arm as well as a large proximal region of 6AL. This study aimed to identify recombinant forms of this translocation in which excess foreign chromatin was replaced with common wheat chromatin without loss of the resistance genes. In January of 2007 the plant breeding program of the University of Stellenbosch conducted a homoeologous-pairing induction experiment with the translocation. The purpose of the experiment was to promote homoeologous meiotic recombination (through absence of the Ph1-locus) between Triticum aestivum chromosome A6 and the Lr56/Yr38-translocation. A large number of F1 test-cross progeny was produced. In this study the material was characterized with molecular markers in order to identify useful, shortened forms of the translocation. Maps of chromosome 6A of Triticum aestivum (Röder et al. 1998 Sourdille et al. 2004) were consulted to identify potentially useful microsatellite markers for mapping the translocation. Six microsatellite markers that span the translocated segment were then used in an initial characterization of the testcross-population, 06M04. This identified a subset of plants that were recombinants. Genetic analysis of the data showed that the resistance genes were probably located on the 6AL arm close to the translocation breakpoint. The data also made it possible to identify an even smaller panel of recombinants that were likely to include the shortest forms. Three additional microsatellite loci that were likely to occur in the general region of the resistance genes were identified and tested on the smaller panel. In the absence of further useful, mapped microsatellite markers it was necessary to find additional markers in an attempt to further map the resistance and identify still shorter recombinants. The smaller panel of recombinants was therefore tested for polymorphic AFLP loci making use of 33 MseI/EcoRI-primer combinations as well as an MseI/PstI-primer combination. The AFLP-analysis produced six polymorphic loci which could be used to identify further shortened translocations. Three of the original 156 leaf rust resistant plants that retained the smallest amounts of foreign chromatin were identified. The translocations in these plants are probably similar in size and it may be difficult to determine which is the shortest. Since the study focused on mapping Lr56 it will be necessary to also characterize the material for stripe rust resistance in order to locate Yr38. The large reduction in the size of the translocation will facilitate commercial utility of Lr56 (and Yr38?). However, it will be necessary to do a thorough agronomic evaluation of the reduced translocations to ascertain that no deleterious special chromatin remained.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die koring weerstandsgene, Lr56 (blaarroes) en Yr38 (streeproes), kom op ‘n Aegilops sharonensis-verhaalde translokasie voor wat die volle 6AS chromosoomarm, asook die proksimale gedeelte van die 6AL chromosoomarm, beslaan. Die doel van hierdie studie was om rekombinante vorms van hierdie translokasie te identifiseer waarin oortollige vreemde chromatien grotendeels verwyder is maar waarin een of beide van die weerstandsgene steeds voorkom. Die planteteelt-program van die Universiteit van Stellenbosch het in Januarie 2007 ‘n homeoloë paringsinduksie eksperiment met die translokasie voltooi. Die eksperiment het gepoog om, in die afwesigheid van die Ph1-lokus, meiotiese rekombinasie tussen Triticum aestivum chromosoom 6A en die Lr56/Yr38-translokasei te bewerkstellig. Uit hierdie poging is ‘n groot aantal toetskruis-F1 nageslag verhaal wat in hierdie studie met behulp van molekulêre merkers getoets is ten einde verkorte vorms van die translokasie te identifiseer. Kaarte van chromosoom 6A van Triticum aestivum, saamgestel deur Röder et al. (1998) en Sourdille et al. (2004), is geraadpleeg om potensieël-bruikbare mikrosatellietmerkers te vind. Ses mikrosatellietmerkers is gebruik om die toetskruispopulasie, 06M04, inisieel te sif en rekombinante te identifiseer vir verdure karakterisering. Genetiese ontleding van hierdie data het daarop gedui dat die weerstandsgene waarskynlik op die 6AL arm, naby die translokasie-breekpunt geleë is. Die data het dit ook moontlik gemaak om ‘n kleiner panel van rekombinante, waaronder van die kortste vorms mag voorkom, te identifiseer. Vervolgens is nog drie mikrosatellietloci wat moontlik in die algemene omgewing van die weerstandsgene kerteer, op hierdie kleiner panel getoets. Nadat die nuttige, beskikbare mikrosatellietmerkers uitgeput was, was dit nodig om verdure merkersisteme te beproef in ‘n poging om die groep verkorte rekombinante nog verder te orden. Vir hierdie doel is AFLP-merkers beproef. Die kleiner panel van rekombinante is getoets met 33 MseI/EcoRI-inleier kombinasies asook ‘n MseI/PstI-inleier kombinasie. Die AFLP-analise het ses polimorfiese loci gegenereer waarmee verdere verkorte translokasies geïdentifiseer is. Drie plante met die kortste translokasies is uit die oorspronklike groep van 156 bestaande plante geïdentifiseer. Die translokasies in hierdie plante verskil waarskynlik min in terme van fisiese grootte en mag moeilik wees om verder te orden. Omdat daar deurgaans gefokus is op die kartering van Lr56, sal die materiaal verder ontleed moet word ten einde vas te stel of Yr38 steeds op die kortste translokasies voorkom. Die aansienlike reduksie in die grootte van die translokasie sal beslis die kommersiële benutbaarheid van Lr56 (en Yr38?) verhoog. Dit sal egter nodig wees om die materiaal omvattend agronomies te toets ten einde te bevestig dat daar geen residuele, nadelige spesie-gene oorgebly het nie.
Description
Thesis (MSc (Genetics))--Stellenbosch University, 2008.
Keywords
Wheat disease resistance, Rust diseases in wheat, Aegilops sharonensis, Wheat translocation, Wheat genetics, Recombinants, Dissertations -- Genetics, Theses -- Genetics
Citation