An in vitro comparison of plant‐based protein sources and their effects on feedlot lamb growth parameters

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dc.contributor.advisorVan Zyl, Johan Hendrik Combrink en_ZA
dc.contributor.advisorCruywagen, C. W.en_ZA
dc.contributor.advisorVan Wyngaard, J. D. V.en_ZA
dc.contributor.authorVan Niekerk, Margueriteen_ZA
dc.contributor.otherStellenbosch University. Faculty of AgriSciences. Dept. of Animal Sciences.en_ZA
dc.date.accessioned2022-11-18T08:16:31Z
dc.date.accessioned2023-01-16T12:49:11Z
dc.date.available2022-11-18T08:16:31Z
dc.date.available2023-01-16T12:49:11Z
dc.date.issued2022-12
dc.descriptionThesis (MScAgric)--Stellenbosch University, 2022.en_ZA
dc.description.abstractENGLISH ABSTRACT: Protein supplements are a very costly component of animal feed and the importance of allocating high-quality protein sources that is economically viable, consistent, and sustainable is important. By feeding human-inedible feed to ruminant animals to produce human-edible animal proteins will advance sustainability. An example of such an alternative high in protein feed source, is distiller’s dried grains with solubles (DDGS). It is also a potentially low-cost protein source compared to oil seed meals. This study investigated the nutritional potential of DDGS to replace soybean meal in comparison with other protein raw materials, dried brewer grains (DBG), cottonseed meal (CSM), and the effect of the least cost optimal formulated diet with these protein sources in growing lamb diets. In the first study (Chapter 3) the extent and rate of ruminal protein degradation of the different protein sources was determined against dried DDGS for ruminants. Five different protein samples, soybean meal, cottonseed meal, dried brewers grain, canola meal and DDGS were incubated for 0, 2, 4, 8, 16, 24, and 48 h. The effective degradability was calculated with an hourly disappearance rate of 5% and 8% per hour. The observed rumen undegradable protein content (kp = 0.08/h) was the lowest for soybean meal (47%) followed by canola meal (49%), distillers’ grains and solubles (50%), cottonseed meal (64%) and then dried brewers grain (68%). Non-significant differences were observed in the ruminal degradation rates between soybean meal and DDGS. The second study (Chapter 4) investigated how the different protein treatment diets affected growth parameters, carcass characteristics and profitability of feedlot lambs. The treatment diets were formulated to be iso-nitrogenous, iso-energetic and contained one of five different protein sources, soybean meal, DDGS, cottonseed meal, dried brewers grain, and the least cost optimal formulation. Thirty-five Dohne Merino wethers were allocated to treatments in a completely randomized design, with five treatments and seven replicates. No differences were observed in final body weight and feed efficiency as a result of the dietary treatment. Carcass weights also did not differ (P > 0.05). In conclusion, this trial determined that DDGS could economically replace soybean meal as a feed source to use in feedlot diets, and could be a valuable cost effective feed source to farmers and feed manufacturers.en_ZA
dc.description.abstractAFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Proteïenaanvulling is 'n baie duur komponent van veerantsoene en die belangrikheid daarvan om hoë gehalte proteïenbronne te vind wat ekonomies, konsekwent en volhoubaar is, is van belang. Deur voerbronne wat nie deur mense benut kan word nie aan herkouerdiere te verskaf en in menslik benutbare diereproteïen om te skakel, sal volhoubaarheid bevorder. 'n Voorbeeld van so 'n alternatiewe voerbron, wat hoog is in proteïen, is gedistilleerde gedroogde grane met oplosbare stowwe (DDGS). Dit is ook 'n potensieel laekoste-proteïenbron in vergelyking met oliekoekproteïenbronne. Hierdie studie het die voedingspotensiaal van DDGS om sojaboonoliekoekmeel te vervang ondersoek in vergelyking met ander proteïenbevattende grondstowwe, gedroogde brouersgraan, katoensaadoliekoekmeel, en die goedkoopste optimale geformuleerde dieet (mengsel van genoemde proteïenbronne) in lamafrondrantsoene. In die eerste studie (Hoofstuk 3) is die mate en tempo van ruminale proteïenafbraak van die verskillende proteïenbronne teen DDGS vir herkouers bepaal. Vyf verskillende proteïengrondstowwe insluitend sojaboonoliekoekmeel, katoensaadoliekoekmeel, gedroogde brouersgraan, kanolaoliekoekmeel en DDGS is vir 0, 2, 4, 8, 16, 24 en 48 h in vitro geïnkubeer. Die effektiewe afbreekbaarheid is bereken met 'n uurlikse verdwyntempo van 5% en 8% per uur. Die waargenome rumen-onafbreekbare proteïeninhoud (kp = 0.08/h) was die laagste vir sojaoliekoekmeel (47%), gevolg deur kanolaoliekoekmeel (49%), DDGS (50%), katoensaadoliekoekmeel (64%) en dan gedroogde brouersgraan (68%). Geen betekenisvolle verskille is waargeneem in die rumen afbreekbare tempo tussen sojaboonoliekoekmeel en DDGS nie. In die tweede studie (Hoofstuk 4) was daar ondersoek ingestel hoe die verskillende proteïenbehandelingsdiëte groei- slag en winsgewendheidsparameters van voerkraallammers beïnvloed. Die behandelingsdiëte is geformuleer om iso-stikstof, iso-energie te wees en het een van vyf verskillende proteïenbronne bevat, sojaboonoliekoekmeel, DDGS, katoensaadoliekoekmeel, gedroogde brouersgraan en die laagste koste optimale formulering. Vyf-en-dertig Dohne Merino hammels was in ‘n heeltemal ewekansige ontwerp ingedeel met vyf behandelings en sewe herhalings. Geen betekenisvolle verskille is waargeneem in finale liggaamsmassa en voerdoeltreffendheid as gevolg van die dieetbehandeling nie. Karkas massas het ook nie verskil nie (P > 0.05). Ten slotte het hierdie navorsing bepaal dat DDGS inderdaad sojaboonoliekoekmeel ekonomies kan vervang as 'n proteïenbron om in voerkraalrantsoene te gebruik, en 'n waardevolle voerbron vir boere en voervervaardigers kan wees.af_ZA
dc.description.versionMastersen_ZA
dc.format.extentxiii, 93 pages : illustrations (some color)en_ZA
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/126082
dc.language.isoen_ZAen_ZA
dc.publisherStellenbosch : Stellenbosch Universityen_ZA
dc.rights.holderStellenbosch Universityen_ZA
dc.subjectIn vitroen_ZA
dc.subjectProteinen_ZA
dc.subjectDistiller’s dried grains with solubles (DDGS)en_ZA
dc.subjectLamb -- Feeding and feedsen_ZA
dc.subjectFeedlotsen_ZA
dc.subjectProteins in animal nutritionen_ZA
dc.subjectSoybean meal as feed -- Nutritional aspectsen_ZA
dc.subjectUCTDen_ZA
dc.titleAn in vitro comparison of plant‐based protein sources and their effects on feedlot lamb growth parametersen_ZA
dc.typeThesisen_ZA
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