Effect of magnesium and boron on potato tuber quality

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dc.contributor.advisorLe Roux, Marcellousen_ZA
dc.contributor.advisorCombrinck, Nicolaasen_ZA
dc.contributor.authorHindley, Renoiren_ZA
dc.contributor.otherStellenbosch University. Faculty of AgriSciences. Dept. of Agronomy.en_ZA
dc.date.accessioned2022-03-01T11:03:24Z
dc.date.accessioned2022-04-29T09:31:57Z
dc.date.available2022-03-01T11:03:24Z
dc.date.available2022-04-29T09:31:57Z
dc.date.issued2022-04
dc.descriptionThesis (MScAgric)--Stellenbosch University, 2022.en_ZA
dc.description.abstractENGLISH ABSTRACT: Magnesium (Mg) is an important macronutrient with the main function of facilitating various biochemical reactions and physiological responses throughout the development of plants. Magnesium serves as the central atom of chlorophyll molecules in green tissues, contributing extensively to plant assimilation. However, Mg-related studies in potato nutrition, particularly in terms of keeping quality, are poorly documented. Boron (B) is another nutrient that is often overlooked. This nutrient acts as a stabilizer of the cell wall pectin network and as a result enhances cell wall structure. Boron also facilitates the movement of sugar in the plant by forming sugar borate complexes or by linking with the cell membrane in order to enhance sugar permeability. The conversion of starch-to-sugar in tubers is known to affect the nutritional value of potatoes. In this study, greenhouse experiments were conducted to evaluate the influence of different levels of Mg and B against various parameters of potato tuber quality. Magnesium was shown to have a positive response on tuber weight and a shortage of it was detrimental to the storability of tubers. The most significant finding for B was its moderate improvement of starch content in tubers. In the first experiment, two cultivars were evaluated. Tuber number for each treatment combination was determined on day of harvesting. Tuber weight and specific gravity (SG) were performed using a weighing scale and the water displacement method, respectively. The harvests were stored in a dark room, at room temperature, for a six-week period in order to monitor the rate of weight loss. This was obtained by routinely weighing tubers on days 0, 7, 14, 21, 28, and 42 after harvesting. Thereafter, tubers were sent for starch determination that was done by means of the AMG / α-amylase / HK method. In the second experiment, the study to determine the effect of Mg and B in tuber quality was extended. In addition to number, weight, storage losses, and starch content, tubers were divided into weight classes of 50-100 g and 100-150 g, in order to analyse elemental distribution and periderm thickness, respectively. The distribution of elements was accomplished using a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). Potato samples that were used for the analysis of periderm thickness, was done by the help of MicroCT scans. The visualization of these samples was performed in Volume Graphics VGStudioMax 3.1. Taking into account the work of Rian Gericke (2018) in predicting the keeping quality of potato by way of tuber characteristics, where Mg correlated negatively with weight loss, the hypothesis in this study that Mg content would have a positive effect on the storage quality of tubers was true. Boron was shown to moderately improve starch content. The distribution analysis showing that Mg tended to locate near the stem-end, at a decreasing gradient towards the bud-end of tubers, was consistent with several previous studies. Unfortunately, the low levels of B were not detected in any of the samples by this method. In comparison to foliar applications, the supply of Mg through the soil was shown to have a more significant influence on periderm thickness, whereas the effect of B was unclear.en_ZA
dc.description.abstractAFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Magnesium (Mg) is 'n belangrike makroelement met die hoof funksie om verskillende biochemiese en fisiologiese reaksies gedurende die ontwikkeling van plante te fasiliteer. Magnesium dien as die kernatoom van chlorofilmolekules in groen weefsels, wat 'n groot bydrae tot plantassimilasie lewer. Die betrokkenheid van Mg by aartappelvoeding, veral opbergingskwaliteit, is egter swak gedokumenteer. Boor (B) is 'n ander mikroelement wat grootliks geonderskat word. Dié voedingstof dien as 'n stabilisator van die selwandpektienetwerk en verbeter daarom die selwandstruktuur. Boor vergemaklik ook die beweging van suiker in die plant deur suikerboraatkomplekse te vorm of deur te koppel aan die selmembraan om suikerdeurlaatbaarheid te verbeter. Die omskakeling van stysel-tot- suiker in knolle beïnvloed die voedingswaarde van aartappels. In hierdie studie was kweekhuiseksperimente uitgevoer om die invloed van verskillende toedieningsvlakke van Mg en B teen verskillende kwaliteitsparameters van knolgehalte te evalueer. Daar was ‘n tendens dat Mg 'n positiewe invloed op knolgewig gehad het. 'n Tekort aan Mg was nadelig vir die vogbewaringsvermoë van aartappelknolle. Die mees beduidende bevinding in terme van B-toediening, was dat dit die styselinhoud in knolle matiglik kon verhoog. In die eerste eksperiment was aartappeloeste van twee kultivars teen verskeie kwaliteitsparameters geëvalueer. Knolgetal vir elke behandelingskombinasie was op oesdag bepaal. Knolgewig en spesifieke gewig (SG) was onderskeidelik met ‘n weegskaal en die waterverplasingsmetode onderskeidelik uitgevoer. Die oeste was gedurende 'n periode van ses-weke in 'n donker kamer, teen kamertemperatuur, gestoor om die gewigsverliestempo te monitor. Dit was verkry deur knolle gereeld op dae 0, 7, 14, 21, 28 en 42 na oes te weeg. Daarna was knolle gestuur vir styselbepaling deur gbruik van die AMG / α-amilase / HK-metode. Die tweede eksperiment was uitgebrei om die invloed van Mg en B in knolkwaliteit verder te bepaal. Benewens die aantal, gewig, opbergingsverliese en styselinhoud, was knolle in gewigsklasse van 50-100 g en 100-150 g verdeel, om die elementverspreiding en peridermdikte onderskeidelik te ontleed. Die verspreiding van elemente is bewerkstellig met behulp van 'n skanderingselektronmikroskoop (SEM), waar monsters met teruggespreide elektron beelde geïdentifiseer was. Aartappelmonsters wat gebruik was vir die analise van peridermdikte, was met behulp van MicroCT-skanderings gedoen. Die visualisering van hierdie monsters was in Volume Graphics VGStudioMax 3.1 uitgevoer. Met inagneming van Rian Gericke se werk (2018) met die voorspelling van aartappel houvermoë deur middel van knol-eienskappe, waar Mg negatief gekorreleer het met gewigsverlies, is die hipotese in hierdie studie dat Mg-inhoud 'n positiewe uitwerking op die bergingskwaliteit van knolle waar bewys. Styselinhoud was matiglik deur B verbeter. Verder het die elementsverspreidingsanalise aangedui dat Mg geneig was om naby die stingelpunt te versamel wat dikwels ooreenstem met verskeie vorige studies. Ongelukkig kon B-vlakke geensins deur hierdie metode opgespoor word nie. In vergelyking met blaartoedienings het die toevoer van Mg deur die grond 'n meer beduidende invloed op die ontwikkeling van peridermdikte getoon, terwyl die effek van B onduidelik was.af_ZA
dc.description.versionMastersen_ZA
dc.embargo.terms2023-08-19
dc.format.extent83 pages : illustrations, graphsen_ZA
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/124776
dc.language.isoen_ZAen_ZA
dc.publisherStellenbosch : Stellenbosch Universityen_ZA
dc.rights.holderStellenbosch Universityen_ZA
dc.subjectPotato growersen_ZA
dc.subjectBoron in plant nutritionen_ZA
dc.subjectPotatoes -- Qualityen_ZA
dc.subjectTuber qualityen_ZA
dc.subjectCrop nutritionen_ZA
dc.subjectPotatoes -- Effect of magnesium onen_ZA
dc.subjectPlants -- Effect of boron onen_ZA
dc.subjectMagnesiumen_ZA
dc.subjectUCTDen_ZA
dc.titleEffect of magnesium and boron on potato tuber qualityen_ZA
dc.typeThesisen_ZA
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