Re-imagining learning and teaching art: exploring embodied mark-making with foundation phase student teachers at Cape Peninsula University of Technology

Date
2024-03
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Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University
Abstract
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Prescriptive methodologies have become normative in everyday classroom learning and teaching and lead to the need for certain outcomes in Visual Art education that favour teaching how to produce end products over exploration and experimental on with process work. Low levels of exposure to Visual Art by generalist student teachers in the B.Ed. foundation phase (FP) programmes during their own schooling, and the dense Life Skills curriculum in the Curriculum Assessment Policy Statements (CAPS) in South Africa, of which the Creative Arts form part, pose challenges for teacher education programmes, and for practising teachers. The central aim of this research was to address these challenges by implementing embodied arts-based experiences for student teachers, thus facilitating a different approach to learning and teaching Visual Art in the FP and contributing to a more socially just education environment. The Covid-19 pandemic necessitated moving the five practical arts-based interventions that were central to this research online. This transition had limitatations, but brought valuable insights into addressing disembodied learning and teaching practices in a virtual classroom setting. The study utilised arts-based research (ABR) to explore alternative approaches to learning and teaching. It challenged traditional human-centred and knowledge-based research methodologies, emphasising the interplay of ethics, ontology and knowledge, and engaging the researcher as integral to the ethical, ontological and epistemological processes of the research. This implied that I had to embrace the uncertainties posed by the pandemic and embody the practical changes I wanted to address through this research. Through mark-making, anarchiving and diffraction, this research disrupted the conventional focus on representative art education embracing interdisciplinary concepts, thus highlighting the interconnections among decolonial, posthuman and new material ideas whilst fostering opportunities for embodied sensory exploration. The findings show that embodied processes and relational techniques like mark-making promote contextualised, subjective learning, addressing the lack of body knowledge in arts-based practice. Capitalising on learners’ and teachers’ subjectvities and inherent creativity through open-ended arts-based processes focused on embodied atunement provided relational awareness and meaningful, embodied connections to new knowledge, addressing the current focus on disembodied learning and teaching. Shifting the focus from the assessment of content, skills or aesthetics in artmaking to developing methodologies for including sensory intelligence as a skill in terms of how student teachers relate to content in full body-mind awareness is a way to address normative prescriptive and disembodied methodologies. It includes cultivating the skills of reading, tracing and acting on embodied knowledge through arts-based processes. Over time, teacher commitment to gradually enable learners/students and themselves to develop embodied and relational atunement could assist in a beter understanding of how the body-mind entangles with human and nonhuman others in learning and teaching new content. The material-force conceptual framework developed from these insights offers arts-based praxis a way to work affirmatively in such atunement to the content-methodology and product-process divide, whilst including learner/student voices in learning and teaching. The philosophies of embodiment, relationality and process ontology should underlie all learning and teaching. Ways to apply the framework across disciplines and integrated with arts-based practice warrant further research.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Voorskriftelike metodologieë het in alledaagse leer en onderrig die norm geword en in Visuele Kunsonderrig gelei tot die behoefte aan sekerheid oor uitkomste wat die onderrig en maak van eindprodukte bevorder, in plaas van verkenning en eksperimentering met proseswerk. Student-onderwysers in die algemene B.Ed. Grondslagfase (GF)-programme het lae blootstellingsvlakke aan die Visuele Kunste gedurende hulle eie skoolopleiding, en die digte Lewensvaardighede-leerplan in die Kurrikulum Assesserings Beleidsverklaring (KABV) in Suid-Afrika, waarvan die Skeppende Kunste deel uitmaak, bied uitdagings vir beide onderwyseropleidingsprogramme en praktiserende onderwysers. Die sentrale doel van hierdie navorsing was om hierdie uitdagings aan te spreek deur die implementering van beliggaamde kunsonderrigervarings vir student-onderwysers om ’n ander benadering tot die leer en onderrig van Visuele Kunste in die GF te fasiliteer, en uiteindelik tot ’n meer sosiaal regverdige opvoedkundige omgewing by te dra. Die COVID-19 pandemie het genoodsaak dat die vyf praktiese kunsgebaseerde-ingrypings wat sentraal is tot hierdie navorsing aanlyn geskuif moes word. Hierdie oorgang het beperkings sowel as waardevolle insigte meegebring oor die hantering van ontliggaamde leer- en onderrigpraktyke in ’n virtuele klaskamer. Die studie het kunsgebaseerde navorsing gebruik om alternatiewe benaderings tot leer en onderrig te ondersoek. Dit het tradisionele mensgesentreerde en kennis-gebaseerde navorsingsmetodologieë uitgedaag waarin die wisselwerking van etiek, ontologie en kennis beklemtoon word en die navorser integraal in die etiese, ontologiese en epistemologiese prosesse van die navorsing betrokke is. Ek moes dus die onsekerhede wat deur die pandemie veroorsaak is, aanvaar en die praktiese veranderinge wat ek met hierdie navorsing wou aanpak, in die navorsingsproses beliggaam. Deur merkmaak, anargivering en diffraksie het hierdie navorsing die fokus van tradisionele kunsonderrig ontwrig en interdissiplinêre konsepte betrek wat die verwantskap tussen dekoloniale, posthumanistiese en nuwe materiële idees beklemtoon, terwyl dit geleenthede vir beliggaamde sensoriese verkenning gebied het. Die bevindinge toon dat beliggaamde prosesse en verhoudingstegnieke soos merkmaak gekontekstualiseerde en subjektiewe leer bevorder, en sodoende die huidige gebrek aan kennisverwerwing deur beliggaamde prosesse in kunsonderrig aanspreek. Deur te kapitaliseer op leerders en onderwysers se subjektiwiteit en inherente kreatiwiteit deur oop-einde kunsgebaseerde prosesse wat gefokus is op beliggaamde ingesteldheid (attunement), is verhoudingsbewustheid en betekenisvolle, beliggaamde verbande met nuwe kennis bewerkstellig, wat die huidige fokus op ontliggaamde leer en onderrig aanspreek. Verskuiwing van die fokus vanaf die beoordeling van inhoud, vaardighede of estetika in kunsskepping na die ontwikkeling van metodologieë vir die insluiting van sensoriese intelligensie as ’n vaardigheid, in terme van hoe student-onderwysers in verband staan tot nuwe inhoud in volledige liggaam-denke-bewussyn, is 'n manier om normatiewe, voorskriftelike en ontliggaamde metodologieë aan te spreek. Dit sluit die aankweek van vaardighede van lees, naspeur en optree m.b.t. beliggaamde kennis deur kunsgebaseerde prosesse in. Die materiële krag van die konseptuele raamwerk wat uit hierdie insigte ontwikkel is, bied kunsgebaseerde praktyk ’n manier om bevestigend van en ingestel op die inhoud-metodologie en produk-proses-skeiding te werk, terwyl dit leerder/studentstemme in leer en onderrig insluit. Beliggaamde leer, verhoudingsleer en prosesontologie behoort die basis van alle leer en onderrig te wees. Maniere hoe om die raamwerk oor dissiplines en geïntegreer met kunsgebaseerde leerpraktyke toe te pas, regverdig verdere navorsing.
Description
Thesis (DPhil)--Stellenbosch University, 2024.
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