Applying the Theory of Planned Behaviour to identify the predictors of intergroup contact

Date
2023-03
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Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University
Abstract
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: South Africa is a post-conflict society where segregation and discrimination was legitimised under Apartheid. The abolishment of Apartheid brought about the end of formal segregation, creating increased opportunities for intergroup contact between South Africans from different groups. Intergroup contact offers one of the most compelling ways to reduce prejudice and improve intergroup attitudes (Pettigrew & Tropp, 2006). However, members of historically advantaged and disadvantaged groups in post-conflict societies may choose to avoid intergroup contact with one another for a variety of reasons, and it remains a key challenge in the contact literature to identify those factors that promote an increased willingness to engage in intergroup contact (Kauff et al., 2021). In this study I investigated the predictors of intergroup contact within the framework of the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB), a robust model used to identify the predictors of behavioural intentions and volitional behaviour (Ajzen, 1991). The TPB model suggests that attitudes towards the behaviour, norms regarding the behaviour, and perceived behavioural control relating to the behaviour each predict behavioural intention, which, in turn, predicts volitional behaviour (Armitage & Conner, 2001; Ha Sur et al., 2021; McEachan et al., 2011; Rich et al., 2015). I undertook a secondary data analysis using data collected in 2019 amongst 169 white South African first-year Economics students at Stellenbosch University (SU). I employed Structural Equation Modelling to test my hypotheses. It was hypothesised that positive attitudes towards intergroup contact, norms in support of intergroup contact, and perceived behavioural control relating to intergroup contact would predict a willingness to engage in intergroup contact with black (African) and coloured South African students at SU. In addition, it was hypothesised that perceived behavioural control and a willingness to engage in intergroup contact would predict the frequency of positive intergroup contact with black (African) and coloured South African students at SU. The results showed that attitude towards intergroup contact (b = .64, p behavioural control (b = .65, p < .01) were each significantly positively associated with a willingness to engage in intergroup contact, while norms relating to intergroup contact was not (b = -.26, p = .15). Furthermore, a willingness to engage in intergroup contact was significantly associated with the frequency of positive intergroup contact (b = .78, p < .05). These findings replicate those in the TPB literature and offer support for the utility of the TPB to examine the predictors of intergroup contact willingness.
AFRIKAANS OPSOMMING: Suid Afrika is ‘n post-konflik samelewing waar verdeling en diskriminaise tydens Apartheid gewettig was. Die afskaffing van Apartheid het die einde aan formele segregasie gebring, wat gelei het tot ‘n toename in intergroepkontak tussen Suid-Afrikaners van verskillended groepe. Intergroepkontak is een van die mees oortuigende wyses om bevooroordeling te verminder en intergroep houdings te verbeter (Pettigrew & Tropp, 2006). Alhoewel mense van historiese bevoorregte en agtergeblewe groepe in post-konflik gemeenskappe steeds kies om intergroepkontak tussen mekaar te vermy vir ‘n verskeidenheid redes. Daarvolgens bly dit ‘n uitdaging in die kontak literatuur om daardie faktore wat lei tot ‘n toename in bereidwilligheid in intergroepkontak te bervorder (Kauff et al., 2021). In hierdie studie het ek die voorspellers van intergroepkontak binne die raamwerk van die Teorie van Beplande Gedrag (TBG) geondersoek, 'n robuuste model wat gebruik word om die voorspellers van gedragsbedoeling en wilskragtige gedrag te identifiseer (Ajzen, 1991). Die TBG dui daarop dat houdings teenoor die gedrag, norme ten opsigte van die gedrag en waargenome gedragsbeheer met verband tot die gedrag elk gedragsbedoeling voorspel wat op sy beurt, wilskragtige gedrag voorspel (Armitage & Conner, 2001; Ha Sur et al., 2021; McEachan et al., 2011; Rich et al., 2015). Ek het ‘n sekondêre data analise onderneem wat gebruik gemaak het van data wat in 2019 by die Universiteit Stellenbosch (US) verkry was onder 169 wit Suid-Afrikaanse eerste-jaar Ekonomiese studente. Ek het Strukturele Vergelykingsmodellering gebruik om my hipoteses te toets. Daar is veronderstel dat positiewe houdings teenoor intergroepkontak, norme ter ondersteuning van intergroepkontak en waargenome gedragsbeheer in verband met intergroepkontak ‘n bereidwilligheid sou voorspel om met swart (Afrikaan) en bruin SuidAfrikaanse studente aan die US betrokke te raak. Daarbenewens, is veronderstel dat waargenome gedragsbeheer en 'n bereidwilligheid om by intergroepkontak betrokke te raak, sou die gereeldheid van postiewe intergroepkontak met swart en gekleurde Suid Afrikaanse studente by US voorspel. Die resultate het bewys dat houding teenoor intergroepkontak (b = .64, p < .05) en waargenome gedragsbeheer (b = .65, p < .01) was aansienlik positief geassosieer met 'n bereidwilligheid om betrokke te raak by intergroepkontak, terwyl norme wat verband hou tot intergroepkontak was nie (b = -.26, p = .15). Verder is 'n bereidwilligheid van intergroepkontak aansienlik geassosieer met die gereeldheid van positiewe intergroepkontak (b = .78, p < .05). Hierdie bevindings repliseer daardie bevindings in die TBG literatuur en bied ondersteuning vir die nut van die TBG om die voorspellers van intergroepkontak bereidwilligheid te ondersoek.
Description
Thesis (MA)--Stellenbosch University, 2023.
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