Rooftop solar PV potential assessment in the City of Johannesburg
| dc.contributor.advisor | Brent, Alan C. | en_ZA |
| dc.contributor.author | Ntsoane, Moroasereme | en_ZA |
| dc.contributor.other | Stellenbosch University. Faculty of Economic and Management Sciences. Centre for Renewable and Sustainable Energy Studies. | en_ZA |
| dc.date.accessioned | 2017-01-18T12:24:45Z | |
| dc.date.accessioned | 2017-03-29T11:35:17Z | |
| dc.date.available | 2017-01-18T12:24:45Z | |
| dc.date.available | 2017-03-29T11:35:17Z | |
| dc.date.issued | 2017-12 | |
| dc.description | Thesis (MPhil)-- Stellenbosch University, 2017. | |
| dc.description.abstract | ENGLISH SUMMARY : Cities are the modern era’s undisputed drivers for economic growth and development. But cities are also highly energy and resource intensive. Therefore, it is predictable that cities would be active participants in the global effort to creatively strike a balance between resources consumption and economic growth for a sustainable future. Part of this is exploiting the often neglected, but vital, solar photovoltaic (PV) resource and rooftop real estate within cities. At face value, a city with the real estate infrastructural sophistication of the City of Johannesburg (CoJ), presents an attractive opportunity for generating renewable energy from its building rooftops. However, the magnitude of this potential is yet to be fully characterised. Assessments of the rooftop solar PV potential of buildings in inner city locale are made complex by the variety of building typologies and rooftop accessibility. The main objective of this research was to assess the technical potential of rooftop PV generation in the inner city core of the CoJ, using a rapid, simple, accessible, effective, and computationally light methodology. The sample for the study was the entire population of buildings located in the central business district (CBD) of the CoJ, made up of 202 buildings across a 1.64 km2 area. Digital images of the individual building rooftops were used. The inner city core of the CoJ was found to have a rooftop availability factor of 46% (375 985 m2), 17% (140 995 m2) of which was considered to be available and suitable for system installations. The area could accommodate a system with a technical capacity of 22.6 MW and an average annual production of 38 399 915 kWh, which constitutes a mere 0.23% of the CoJ’s current annual electricity consumption. The full installation of such a system would reduce the CoJ’s electricity services revenue by 0.31%, whilst positively impacting its carbon emissions inventory through the offsetting of 36 096 tCO2e. The outcome of the research shows that the technical potential for rooftop PV installation in the central business district of CoJ, whilst seemingly attractive at face value, was, in reality, insignificant. The immateriality of the determined technical potential – as is reasonable to expect – would be aggravated further by the incorporation of economic and financial constraints, as well as real-time building-to-building shadow analysis. Whilst the research has demonstrated that rooftop PV in the inner city core of the CoJ, and possibly in CBD areas of other cities displaying similar building typology, is limited in scope and impact, the same argument cannot be made about the entirety of the building rooftops in the CoJ. After all, building typology beyond the inner city core boundaries is dominated by less dense, low-rising, residential, industrial and commercial roof space, which possibly holds immense potentials for rooftop PV. This means that the CoJ, in seeking to transform its energy supply options through exploitation of its real estate, should focus attention away from the inner city core for optimised impact. | en_ZA |
| dc.description.abstract | AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING : Stede is die moderne era se onbetwiste drywers van ekonomiese groei en ontwikkeling. Maar stede is ook hoogs energie en hulpbronne intensief. Daarom is dit voorspelbaar dat stede aktiewe deelnemers in die globale poging om kreatief 'n balans tussen die verbruik van hulpbronne en ekonomiese groei vir 'n volhoubare toekoms sal wees. Deel hiervan is die ontginning van die dikwels verwaarlose, maar noodsaaklike, fotovoltaiese (PV) bron en dak eiendomme in stede. Op sigwaarde, bied 'n stad met die eiendomsbedryf infrastrukturele gesofistikeerdheid soos die Stad van Johannesburg (CoJ), 'n aantreklike geleentheid vir die opwekking van hernubare energie vanaf sy gebou dakke. Maar die omvang van hierdie potensiaal is nog nie ten volle gekenmerk nie. Aanslae van die dak sonkrag PV potensiaal van geboue in die middestad is kompleks weens die verskeidenheid van die bou-tipologiee en toeganklikheid van dakke. Die hoofdoel van hierdie navorsing was om die tegniese potensiaal van PV dak elektrisiteitsgenerasie in die middestad kern van die CoJ the evalueer, met behulp van 'n vinnige, eenvoudige, toeganklike, en doeltreffende metode. Die monster vir die studie was die hele bevolking van geboue gelee in die sentrale sakegebied (CBD) van die CoJ, wat bestaan uit 202 geboue oor 'n 1,64 km2 gebied. Digitale beelde van die individule gebou dakke was gebruik. Vir die middestad kern van die CoJ is daar 'n beskikbaarheid dak faktor van 46% (375 985 m2) gevind, 17% (140 995 m2) van wat beskou word as beskikbaar en geskik is vir die installering van PV sisteme. Die gebied kan 'n stelsel met 'n tegniese kapasiteit van 22,6 MW akkommodeer, en 'n gemiddelde jaarlikse produksie van 38 399 915 kWh, wat 'n blote 0.23% van die huidige jaarlikse elektrisiteitsverbruik die CoJ uitmaak. Die volledige installasie van so 'n stelsel sal die CoJ se elektrisiteit dienste inkomste verminder met 0,31%, terwyl, as 'n positiewe impak, sy koolstofvrystellings inventaris verminder met 36 096 tCO2e. Die uitkoms van die navorsing toon dat die tegniese potensiaal vir PV dak installasie in die sentrale sakegebied van CoJ, terwyl skynbaar aantreklike op sigwaarde te wees, in werklikheid weglaatbaar klein is. Die onbelangrikheid van die vasgestelde tegniese potensiaal sou verder vererger deur die inlywing van ekonomiese en finansiele beperkings, sowel as gebou-tot-gebou skaduwee analises. Terwyl die navorsing getoon het dat PV pontentiele dakke in die middestad kern van die CoJ, en moontlik in middestad gebiede van ander stede wat soortgelyke gebou tipologiee vertoon, beperk is in omvang en impak, kan dieselfde argument nie gemaak word oor die geheel van die geboudakke in die CoJ nie. Na alles, is die bou van tipologie buite die middestad kern grense oorheers deur minder dig, lae-styg, residensiele, industriele en kommersiele dak ruimte, wat di moontlik inhou vir groot potensiaal vir PV generasie. Dit beteken dat die CoJ, in die soeke na sy energievoorsiening opsies, omskep deur uitbuiting van sy gebouinfrastruktuur, moet aandag weg fokus van die middestad kern vir optimale impak. | af_ZA |
| dc.format.extent | xiv, 97 pages ; illustrations, includes annexures | |
| dc.identifier.uri | http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/100824 | |
| dc.language.iso | en_ZA | en_ZA |
| dc.publisher | Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University | |
| dc.rights.holder | Stellenbosch University | |
| dc.subject | Solar energy -- Research -- Johannesburg (South Africa) | en_ZA |
| dc.subject | UCTD | |
| dc.title | Rooftop solar PV potential assessment in the City of Johannesburg | en_ZA |
| dc.type | Thesis | en_ZA |