Unravelling the interaction between the DRD2 and DRD4 genes, personality traits and concussion risk

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dc.contributor.authorAbrahams, Shameemahen_ZA
dc.contributor.authorMcFie, Sarahen_ZA
dc.contributor.authorLacerda, Miguelen_ZA
dc.contributor.authorPatricios, Jonen_ZA
dc.contributor.authorSuter, Jasonen_ZA
dc.contributor.authorSeptember, Alison V.en_ZA
dc.contributor.authorPosthumus, Michaelen_ZA
dc.date.accessioned2021-08-10T12:21:52Z
dc.date.available2021-08-10T12:21:52Z
dc.date.issued2019
dc.descriptionCITATION: Abrahams, S., et 2019. Unravelling the interaction between the DRD2 and DRD4 genes, personality traits and concussion risk. BMJ Open Sport and Exercise Medicine, 5(1):e000465, doi:10. 1136/bmjsem- 2018- 000465).
dc.descriptionThe original publication is available at https://bmjopensem.bmj.com
dc.description.abstractBackground: Concussion occurs when biomechanical forces transmitted to the head result in neurological deficits. Personality may affect the balance between safe and dangerous play potentially influencing concussion risk. Dopamine receptor D2 (DRD2) and dopamine receptor D4 (DRD4) genetic polymorphisms were previously associated with personality traits. Objectives: This case–control genetic association study investigated the associations of (1) DRD2 and DRD4 genotypes with concussion susceptibility and personality, (2) personality with concussion susceptibility and (3) the statistical model of genotype, personality and concussion susceptibility. Methods: In total, 138 non-concussed controls and 163 previously concussed cases were recruited from high school (n=135, junior), club and professional rugby teams (n=166, senior). Participants were genotyped for DRD2 rs12364283 (A>G), DRD2 rs1076560 (C>A) and DRD4 rs1800955 (T>C) genetic variants. Statistical analyses including structural equation modelling were performed using the R environment and STATA. Results: The rs1800955 CC genotype (p=0.014) and inferred DRD2 (rs12364283–rs1076560)–DRD4 (rs1800955) A–C–C allele combination (p=0.019) were associated with decreased concussion susceptibility in juniors. The rs1800955 TT and CT genotypes were associated with low reward dependence in juniors (p<0.001) and seniors (p=0.010), respectively. High harm avoidance was associated with decreased concussion susceptibility in juniors (p=0.009) and increased susceptibility in seniors (p=0.001). The model showed that a genetic variant was associated with personality while personality was associated with concussion susceptibility. Conclusion: These findings highlight the linear relationship between genetics, personality and concussion susceptibility. Identifying a genetic profile of ‘high risk’ behaviour, together with the development of personalised behavioural training, can potentially reduce concussion risk.en_ZA
dc.description.urihttps://bmjopensem.bmj.com/content/5/1/e000465
dc.description.versionPublisher's version
dc.format.extent9 pages
dc.identifier.citationAbrahams, S., et 2019. Unravelling the interaction between the DRD2 and DRD4 genes, personality traits and concussion risk. BMJ Open Sport and Exercise Medicine, 5(1):e000465, doi:10. 1136/bmjsem- 2018- 000465)
dc.identifier.issn2055-7647 (online)
dc.identifier.otherdoi:10. 1136/bmjsem- 2018- 000465)
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/110823
dc.language.isoen_ZAen_ZA
dc.publisherBMJ Publishing Group
dc.rights.holderAuthors retain copyright
dc.subjectDRD2 and DRD4 genesen_ZA
dc.subjectGenotype-environment interactionen_ZA
dc.titleUnravelling the interaction between the DRD2 and DRD4 genes, personality traits and concussion risken_ZA
dc.typeArticleen_ZA
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