A global review of the microbiological quality and potential health risks associated with roof-harvested rainwater tanks

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dc.contributor.authorHamilton, Kerryen_ZA
dc.contributor.authorReyneke, Brandonen_ZA
dc.contributor.authorWaso, Moniqueen_ZA
dc.contributor.authorClements, Tanyaen_ZA
dc.contributor.authorNdlovu, Thandoen_ZA
dc.contributor.authorKhan, Wesaalen_ZA
dc.contributor.authorDiGiovanni, Kimberlyen_ZA
dc.contributor.authorRakestraw, Emmaen_ZA
dc.contributor.authorMontalto, Francoen_ZA
dc.contributor.authorHaas, Charles N.en_ZA
dc.contributor.authorAhmed, Warishen_ZA
dc.date.accessioned2021-10-05T13:57:42Z
dc.date.available2021-10-05T13:57:42Z
dc.date.issued2019
dc.descriptionCITATION: Hamilton, K., et al. 2019. A global review of the microbiological quality and potential health risks associated with roof-harvested rainwater tanks. npj Clean Water, 2:7, doi:10.1038/s41545-019-0030-5.
dc.descriptionThe original publication is available at https://www.nature.com
dc.description.abstractA broad body of literature has been published regarding roof-harvested rainwater quality around the world. In particular, the presence of fecal indicator bacteria and pathogenic microorganisms has raised concerns regarding the acceptability of rainwater for potable and non-potable uses. As the use of molecular assays has improved understanding of the diverse microbial communities present in rainwater tanks and their role in providing benefits or harm to human health, a comprehensive review is needed to summarize the state of the science in this area. To provide a summary of microbial contaminants in rainwater tanks and contextual factors, a comprehensive review was conducted here to elucidate the uses of rainwater, factors affecting water quality, concentrations of fecal indicators and pathogens, the attribution of pathogens to host sources using microbial source tracking, microbial ecology, human health risks determined using epidemiological approaches and quantitative microbial risk assessment, and treatment approaches for mitigating risks. Research gaps were identified for pathogen concentration data, microbial source tracking approaches for identifying the sources of microbial contamination, limitations to current approaches for assessing viability, treatment, and maintenance practices. Frameworks should be developed to assess and prioritize these factors in order to optimize public health promotion for roof-harvested rainwater.en_ZA
dc.description.urihttps://www.nature.com/articles/s41545-019-0030-5
dc.description.versionPublisher's version
dc.format.extent18 pages
dc.identifier.citationHamilton, K., et al. 2019. A global review of the microbiological quality and potential health risks associated with roof-harvested rainwater tanks. npj Clean Water, 2:7, doi:10.1038/s41545-019-0030-5
dc.identifier.issn2059-7037 (online)
dc.identifier.otherdoi:10.1038/s41545-019-0030-5
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/123134
dc.language.isoen_ZAen_ZA
dc.publisherNature Research
dc.rights.holderAuthors retain copyright
dc.subjectRainwater tanks -- Risk assessmenten_ZA
dc.subjectRoof runoff -- Risk assessmenten_ZA
dc.subjectWater qualityen_ZA
dc.subjectDrinking water -- Risk assessmenten_ZA
dc.subjectRainwater harvesting -- Microbiologyen_ZA
dc.subjectMicrobiological assayen_ZA
dc.titleA global review of the microbiological quality and potential health risks associated with roof-harvested rainwater tanksen_ZA
dc.typeArticleen_ZA
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