Corruption, human dignity, and an ethic of responsibility in Nigeria : a theological-ethical inquiry

Date
2020-11
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Stellenbosch : Stellebosch University
Abstract
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Corruption is one of the greatest impediments preventing Nigeria from achieving its potential. It drains significant resources from the country’s economy, impedes development, weakens the social contract between the government and its people, and has created structures that undermine human dignity. Nigerians view their country as one of the world’s most corrupt in the world. They struggle daily with the impact of corruption while feeling incapable of making any significant or lasting change. In an effort to halt corruption, or at very least to minimize it, many anti-corruption agencies and campaigns have existed. Yet, the desired results have not yet been achieved. This calls for more work to be undertaken to address corruption from various perspectives in the Nigerian context. This certainly includes contributions from theology and ethics. This thesis aims to address the implications of corruption on human dignity in Nigeria by engaging Etienne de Villiers’ proposal for a contemporary Christian ethic of responsibility that addresses public morality. The study begins by presenting some background on the nature of corruption in Nigeria, outlining some causes, efforts toward curbing it and their limitations. It also considers how corruption in Nigeria threatens the dignity of persons. The study argues that the safeguarding of human dignity is an important theological and ethical concern. With the effects of corruption on human dignity being a point of concern, the question of ‘responsible action’ arises. Who is responsible for stopping corruption and safeguarding the dignity of persons in Nigeria? As an answer to this question, the study engages with the notions of an ethics of responsibility as a theological resource to contribute towards the struggle against corruption while safeguarding human dignity. In particular it considers the work of Etienne de Villiers. First, this is because he proposes a contemporary Christian ethics of responsibility that can address issues of public morality. Second, because he is an African Christian theologian whose work holds promise for contextualisation in Nigeria. The study makes a proposal for what such a contextualised ethic of responsibility for Nigeria may need to consider. The study shows that corruption is antithetical to human dignity. Yet, it is kept alive in Nigeria through inadequate leaders and their lack of responsible leadership. It is argued that an ethics of responsibility emphasises the need for co-responsibility between various social actors in political, economic and religious life, in order to combat corruption and safeguard human dignity. The project makes the following contributions to scholarly knowledge and the Nigerian context: An ethics of responsibility is argued to be relevant as a contribution to engage with various public moral issues – in this study the emphasis is upon corruption. Moreover, it provides new theological and ethical frameworks, that are based on Etienne de Villers’ ethics of responsibility, that can be considered in the Nigerian context. In this regard, this study is the first to consider Etienne de Villiers’ ethics of responsibility as a resource to theologically engage corruption and human dignity in Nigeria. The outcome of this task is that the study provides some theologically contextual resources to strengthen theologians, the churches, and Christians in their work for a corruption free Nigeria in which the dignity of human persons is protected and upheld.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Korrupsie is een van die grootste hindernisse wat Nigerië verhoed om haar potensiaal te verwesenlik. Dit verswelg belangrike hulpbronne van die land se ekonomie, belemmer ontwikkeling, verswak die sosiale kontrak tussen die regering en landsburgers, en het strukture geskep wat menswaardigheid ondermyn. Nigeriërs beskou hul land as een van die mees korrupte lande ter wêreld. Hulle sukkel daagliks met die impak van korrupsie, terwyl hul nie in staat voel om enige noemenswaardige of blywende veranderinge teweeg te bring nie. In ‘n poging om korrupsie te kniehalter, of ten minste te minimaliseer, is vele anti-korrupsie inisiatiewe en veldtogte van stapel gestuur. Tog is die gewenste resultate nog nie bereik nie. Dit vra vir verdere werk om korrupsie vanuit verskillende perspektiewe in die Nigeriese konteks aan te spreek. Dit sluit bydraes vanuit die teologie en etiek in. Hierdie tesis het ten doel om die implikasies van korrupsie op menswaardigheid in Nigerië aan te spreek deur op Etienne de Villiers se voorstel van ‘n kontemporêre Christelike verantwoordelikheidsetiek wat publieke moraliteit aanbetref te fokus. Die studie begin deur agtergrond oor die aard van korrupsie in Nigerië te bied en sekere oorsake, pogings om dit te bekamp en die beperkings hieraan verbonde uiteen te sit. Daar word ook gekyk na hoe korrupsie in Nigerië die waardigheid van persone bedreig. Daar word geargumenteer dat die beskerming van menswaardigheid ‘n belangrike teologiese en etiese kwessie is. Aangesien die gevolge van korrupsie t.o.v. menswaardigheid ‘n bron van kommer is, ontstaan die vraag na verantwoordelike optrede. Wie is daarvoor verantwoordelik om korrupsie te stop en die waardigheid van persone in Nigerië te beskerm? As antwoord op hierdie vraag, span hierdie studie die idee van ‘n verantwoordelikheidsetiek as teologiese hulpbron in die stryd teen korrupsie en die beskerming van menswaardigheid in. Aandag word veral aan die werk van Etienne de Villiers geskenk; eerstens, omdat hy ‘n ‘n kontemporêre Christelike verantwoordelikheidsetiek voorstel wat kwessies rakende publieke moraliteit kan aanspreek; en tweedens, omdat hy ‘n teoloog van Afrika is wie se werk belofte vir kontekstualisering in Nigerië inhou. Die studie maak ‘n voorstel i.t.v. wat só ‘n verantwoordelikheidsetiek vir Nigerië in ag moet neem. Die studie wys dat korrupsie in teenstelling met menswaardigheid staan. Tog word dit in Nigerië lewend gehou deur gebrekkige leiers en hul gebrek aan verantwoordelike leierskap. Daar word geargumenteer dat ‘n verantwoordelikheidsetiek ‘n behoefte aan medeverantwoordelikheid tussen verskillende sosiale akteurs in die publieke, ekonomiese en godsdienstige lewe beklemtoon, ten einde korrupsie te bekamp en menswaardigheid te beskerm. Die projek lewer die volgende bydraes ten opsigte van wetenskaplike kennis en die Nigeriese konteks: Daar word aangevoer dat ‘n verantwoordelikheidsetiek ‘n relevante bydrae tot verskeie openbare morele kwessies kan lewer – in hierdie geval is die klem op korrupsie. Boonop bied dit nuwe teologiese en etiese raamwerke wat gebaseer is op Etienne de Villiers se verantwoordelikheidsetiek, wat in die Nigeriese konteks oorweeg kan word. In dié opsig is hierdie die eerste studie wat Etienne de Villiers se verantwoordelikheidsetiek as ‘n hulpbron inspan om teologies oor korrupsie en menswaardigheid in Nigerië na te dink. As uitkoms, bied die studie enkele teologies-kontekstuele bronne om teoloë, kerke en Christene te versterk in hul poging om 'n korrupsie-vrye Nigerië, waar die waardigheid van alle mense beskerm en gehandhaaf word, teweeg te bring.
Description
Thesis (PhD)--Stellenbosch University, 2020.
Keywords
Corruption -- Nigeria, Dignity, Human rights, Christian ethics, UCTD
Citation