The interface between competition and intellectual property law : finding common ground and resolving the tensions between these areas of law from a South African perspective

Date
2023-03
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Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University
Abstract
ENGLISH SUMMARY : Competition law and intellectual property law share the objective of incentivising innovation. However, this objective is achieved in different ways, which, at times, can create tension between the two areas of law. It is imperative that this tension at the interface of competition law and intellectual property law is resolved in a manner that encourages innovation. Issues regarding the licensing of intellectual property, Standard Essential Patents, pay-for-delay agreements and no-challenge clauses are instances where the tension between competition law and intellectual property law is especially prevalent. These instances will be discussed in detail, and what is learnt from how the European Union and Australia handles it, will be applied to South Africa. The European Union, Australia and South Africa have different ways of dealing with situations where the exercise of intellectual property rights has an effect on competition. The European Union has block exemptions, which contains “safe havens” for conduct in specific circumstances. The block exemptions are often accompanied by guidelines, providing firms and individuals with greater detail in order to self-assess their compliance with the exemption. Australia has authorisation, notification and class exemption procedures. Firms can apply to the Australian Competition and Consumer Commission to authorise conduct that might potentially breach the Competition and Consumer Act 2010. Exemptions may also be granted more broadly by the Australian Competition and Consumer Commission in terms of the class exemption procedures. In South Africa, the law concerning the interface between competition law and intellectual property is still in its infancy, and a lot can be learned from jurisdictions like the European Union and Australia regarding the most efficient way to handle this tension. Currently, the Competition Act 89 of 1998 in South Africa contains Section 10(4), the intellectual property exemption clause. A firm can apply to the Competition Commission for an intellectual property exemption from the application of Chapter 2 of the Competition Act “to an agreement or practice, or a category of agreements or practices” which pertains to the exercise of intellectual property rights. However, it is submitted that Section 10(4), by itself, is not the most efficient mechanism to resolve the tension that arises at the interface of competition law and intellectual property law in a way that incentivises innovation. It is proposed that the exemption provision can be made more effective if it is properly applied in conjunction with class exemptions and guidelines.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING : Mededingingsreg en intellektuele goederereg het albei ten doel om innovasie aan te moedig. Konflik en spanning ontstaan egter tussen hierdie twee areas van die reg omdat hulle oorvleuel en ook hierdie doelwit op uiteenlopende maniere wil bereik. Voorbeelde van gevalle waar hierdie spanning veral duidelik is, is die lisensiëring van regte tot intellektuele goedere, patente wat noodsaaklik vir sekere bedryfstandaarde is, ooreenkomste waar ’n firma instem om nie ’n sekere mark te betree nie (in ruil vir vergoeding), asook klousules wat bepaal dat die geldigheid van ’n reg tot intellektuele goedere nie voor die hof gedaag mag word nie. Hierdie kwessies moet opgelos word om werklik innovasie te bevorder. In dié verband kan Suid-Afrika baie by jurisdiksies soos die Europese Unie en Australië leer. As die beoefening van ’n reg tot intellektuele goedere ’n impak op kompetisie in die mark het, volg die Europese Unie, Australië en Suid-Afrika verskillende benaderings. Die Europese Unie het blokvrystellings, wat ’n “veilige hawe” vir spesifieke optrede in sekere omstandighede skep. Die blokvrystellings gaan dikwels gepaard met riglyne wat meer besonderhede bevat, sodat firmas en individue self hul nakoming van die blokvrystelling kan assesseer. Australië het magtigings-, kennisgewing- en klasvrystellingsprosedures ingestel. Firmas kan by die Australiese Mededingings- en Verbruikerskommissie aansoek doen om magtiging te verkry vir optrede wat moontlik die Australiese Wet op Mededinging en Verbruikers (Competition and Consumer Act) 2010 kan oortree. Die kommissie kan ook meer algemene vrystellings ooreenkomstig die klasvrystellingsprosedure toestaan. In Suid-Afrika is die reg rakende die oorvleueling tussen mededingingsreg en intellektuele goederereg redelik onderontwikkeld. Tans is die vrystellingsklousule vir intellektuele goedere vervat in artikel 10(4) van die Wet op Mededinging 89 van 1998. ’n Firma kan by die Mededingingskommissie aansoek doen om vrystelling van die toepassing van hoofstuk 2 van die Wet op Mededinging vir ’n ooreenkoms of praktyk, of ’n kategorie van ooreenkomste of praktyke, wat verband hou met die uitoefening van die reg tot intellektuele goedere. In hierdie verhandeling word daar egter aangevoer dat artikel 10(4), sonder meer, nie die doeltreffendste manier is om die spanning wat voortspruit uit die oorvleueling van mededingingsreg en intellektuele goederereg te hanteer op ’n manier wat innovasie bevorder nie. Daar word voorgestel dat die vrystellingsbepaling doeltreffender sal wees as dit saam met klasvrystellings en riglyne toegepas word.
Description
Thesis (LLD)--Stellenbosch University, 2023.
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