N-Acetyl Cysteine Targets Hepatic Lipid Accumulation to Curb Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in NAFLD: A Comprehensive Analysis of the Literature

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dc.contributor.authorDludla, Phiwayinkosi Ven_ZA
dc.contributor.authorNkambule, Bongani Ben_ZA
dc.contributor.authorMazibuko-Mbeje, Sithandiwe Een_ZA
dc.date.accessioned2022-04-05T12:49:49Z
dc.date.available2022-04-05T12:49:49Z
dc.date.issued2020-12-16
dc.description.abstractAbstract: Impaired adipose tissue function and insulin resistance remain instrumental in promoting hepatic lipid accumulation in conditions of metabolic syndrome. In fact, enhanced lipid accumulation together with oxidative stress and an abnormal inflammatory response underpin the development and severity of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). There are currently no specific protective drugs against NAFLD, and effective interventions involving regular exercise and healthy diets have proved difficult to achieve and maintain. Alternatively, due to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, there has been growing interest in understanding the therapeutic effects of N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) against metabolic complications, including NAFLD. Here, reviewed evidence suggests that NAC blocks hepatic lipid accumulation in preclinical models of NAFLD. This is in part through the effective regulation of a fatty acid scavenger molecule (CD36) and transcriptional factors such as sterol regulatory element-binding protein (SREBP)-1c/-2 and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ). Importantly, NAC appears effective in improving liver function by reducing pro-inflammatory markers such as interleukin (IL)-6 IL-1β, tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB). This was primarily through the attenuation of lipid peroxidation and enhancements in intracellular response antioxidants, particularly glutathione. Very few clinical studies support the beneficial effects of NAC against NAFLD-related complications, thus well-organized randomized clinical trials are still necessary to confirm its therapeutic potential.en_ZA
dc.format.extent20 pages
dc.identifier.otherdoi:10.3390/antiox9121283
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/124412
dc.language.isoen_ZAen_ZA
dc.rights.holderAuthors retain copyright
dc.subjectN-acetyl cysteineen_ZA
dc.subjectantioxidantsen_ZA
dc.subjectnon-alcoholic fatty liver diseaseen_ZA
dc.subjecthepatic lipid accumulationen_ZA
dc.titleN-Acetyl Cysteine Targets Hepatic Lipid Accumulation to Curb Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in NAFLD: A Comprehensive Analysis of the Literatureen_ZA
dc.typeArticleen_ZA
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