A child’s right to basic education during the Covid-19 pandemic : a comparative analysis and evaluation of the impact of Covid-19 on the South African education system, and the effectiveness of the nation’s legal response in protecting a child’s right to education

Date
2023-03
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Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University
Abstract
ENGLISH SUMMARY : It has long been accepted that a child’s right to education is of vital importance as it not only enables them to participate and function in society but enables the realisation of their human rights and fundamental freedoms. Since the onset of the Covid-19 pandemic, the education sector faced numerous disruptions and learners were prevented from physically accessing their schools. The Covid-19 pandemic and the ways in which jurisdictions were forced to respond had and continues to have severe impacts in terms of the existing and new forms of inequalities in relation to children and their right to education. The focus of this thesis is therefore a child’s right to basic education in light of the Covid-19 pandemic, with specific reference to the South African situation. This research thus aims to identify whether the legal responses in terms of the legislation, policies, regulations and mechanisms which have been introduced and implemented in South Africa during the Covid-19 pandemic, protected a child’s right to education or hindered the realisation a child’s right to education. It is argued that a one-size fits all solution cannot apply in situations of emergency such as the Covid-19 pandemic. This thesis therefore unpacks each respective nations obligations in respect of the right to education, as well as the status of education and educational attainment in each jurisdiction prior to the outbreak of the Covid-19 pandemic. Moreover, in order to determine how a child’s right to education has been impacted and whether the legal responses introduced were effective and protected a child’s right to education, this thesis shall make use of a comparative analysis approach wherein the situation in South Africa shall be compared to that of the United States of America, the United Kingdom, Italy and Nigeria. This will be done by analysing the legal responses of each jurisdiction utilising the 4 ‘A’ approach, and taking into consideration their national, regional and international obligations in respect of a child’s right to education. This research further explores whether the legal responses and mechanisms implemented in other jurisdictions are flexible and whether they can be successfully implemented in South Africa. Finally this thesis sets out recommendations in order to respond to the challenges which arose and continue to arise in education due to the Covid-19 pandemic and the subsequent legal responses.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING : Dit word lank reeds aanvaar dat ‘n kind se reg op onderwys van sleutelbelang is. Dit is ‘n reg wat kinders in staat stel om betrokke te wees en te funksioneer in die gemeenskap maar ook om hul menseregte en fundamentele vryhede te realiseer. Die Covid-19 pandemie het grootskaalse ontwrigting in die onderwyssektor meegebring en leerders is fisies daarvan weerhou om toegang tot hul skole te verkry. Die Covid-19 pandemie en die onderskeie wyses waarop jurisdiksies daarop reageer het, het bestaande ongelykhede ten opsigte van ‘n kind se reg op onderwys na vore gebring en selfs nuwe ongelykhede geskep. Die fokus van hierdie tesis is gevolglik op ‘n kind se reg op onderwys in die lig van die Covid-19 pandemie, met spesifieke klem op die posisie in Suid-Afrika. Die oogmerk van die navorsing is om te bepaal of Suid-Afrikaanse wetgewing, asook beleidsdokumente, regulasies en spesifieke meganismes wat in plek gestel is tydens die Covid-19 pandemie ‘n kind se reg op onderwys beskerm het of die implementering van die reg belemmer het. Daar word geargumenteer dat daar nie een oplossing is wat van toepassing op alle noodsituasies kan wees soos in die geval van die Covid-19 pandemie nie. In hierdie verband word elke jurisdiksie se verpligtinge ten opsige van die reg op onderwys bespreek, asook die status van onderwys en die bereiking daarvan voor die uitbreek van die Covid-19 pandemie. Daar word van ‘n regsvergelykende studie gebruik gemaak ten einde te bepaal op watter wyse daar ‘n impak op ‘n kind se reg op onderwys was tydens die Covid-19 pandemie en om ook te bepaal in watter mate elke jurisdiksie se regsbenadering effektief was in die beskerming van ‘n kind se reg op onderwys. In hierdie verband word die regsposisie in Suid-Afrika vergelyk met die regsposisie in die Verenigde State van Amerika, die Verenigde Koninkryk, Italie en Nigerie. Daar word op die vier- A skema gesteun om elke jurisdiksie se regsbenadering te ontleed in die lig van hul onderskeie internasionale, streeks- en nasionale verpligtinge ten opsigte van ‘n kind se reg op onderwys. Daar word ook in die navorsing bepaal of enige van die jurisdiksies se benaderings buigbaar genoeg is om ook suksesvol in Suid-Afrika van toepassing te kan wees. Die aanbevelings wat gemaak word het ten doel om die uitdagings in onderwys aan te spreek wat na vore gekom het tydens die Covid-19 epidemie maar wat steeds voortduur in die nadraai van die pandemie.
Description
Thesis (LLM)--Stellenbosch University, 2023.
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