Diet and the human gut microbiome : an international review

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dc.contributor.authorWilson, Annette S.en_ZA
dc.contributor.authorKoller, Kathryn R.en_ZA
dc.contributor.authorRamaboli, Matsepo C.en_ZA
dc.contributor.authorNesengani, Lucky T.en_ZA
dc.contributor.authorOcvirk, Soerenen_ZA
dc.contributor.authorChen, Caixiaen_ZA
dc.contributor.authorFlanagan, Christie A.en_ZA
dc.contributor.authorSapp, Flora R.en_ZA
dc.contributor.authorMerritt, Zoe T.en_ZA
dc.contributor.authorBhatti, Faheemen_ZA
dc.contributor.authorThomas, Timothy K.en_ZA
dc.contributor.authorO’Keefe, Stephen J. D.en_ZA
dc.date.accessioned2022-06-28T09:23:38Zen_ZA
dc.date.available2022-06-28T09:23:38Zen_ZA
dc.date.issued2020-02en_ZA
dc.descriptionCITATION: Wilson, A. S. et al. 2020. Diet and the Human Gut Microbiome: An International Review. Digestive diseases and sciences, 65(3):723–740. doi:10.1007/s10620-020-06112-wen_ZA
dc.descriptionThe original publication is available at https://www.springer.com/journal/10620en_ZA
dc.description.abstractThis review summarizes the key results of recently published studies on the effects of dietary change and nutritional intervention on the human microbiome from around the world, focusing on the USA, Canada, Europe, Asia, and Africa. It first explores mechanisms that might explain the ability of fiber-rich foods to suppress the incidence and mortality from westernized diseases, notably cancers of the colon, breast, liver, cardiovascular, infectious, and respiratory diseases, diabetes, and obesity (O'Keefe in Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol 4(12):984-996, 2019; Am J Clin Nutr 110:265-266, 2019). It summarizes studies from Africa which suggest that disturbance of the colonic microbiome may exacerbate chronic malnutrition and growth failure in impoverished communities and highlights the importance of breast feeding. The American section discusses the role of the microbiome in the swelling population of patients with obesity and type 2 diabetes and examines the effects of race, ethnicity, geography, and climate on microbial diversity and metabolism. The studies from Europe and Asia extoll the benefits of whole foods and plant-based diets. The Asian studies examine the worrying changes from low-fat, high-carbohydrate diets to high-fat, low-carbohydrate ones and the increasing appearance of westernized diseases as in Africa and documents the ability of high-fiber traditional Chinese diets to reverse type 2 diabetes and control weight loss. In conclusion, most of the studies reviewed demonstrate clear changes in microbe abundances and in the production of fermentation products, such as short-chain fatty acids and phytochemicals following dietary change, but the significance of the microbiota changes to human health, with the possible exception of the stimulation of butyrogenic taxa by fiber-rich foods, is generally implied and not measured. Further studies are needed to determine how these changes in microbiota composition and metabolism can improve our health and be used to prevent and treat disease.en_ZA
dc.description.urihttps://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32060812/en_ZA
dc.description.versionPublishers versionen_ZA
dc.format.extent18 pagesen_ZA
dc.identifier.citationWilson, A. S. et al. 2020. Diet and the Human Gut Microbiome: An International Review. Digestive diseases and sciences, 65(3):723–740. doi:10.1007/s10620-020-06112-wen_ZA
dc.identifier.issn1573-2568 (online)en_ZA
dc.identifier.issn0163-2116 (print)en_ZA
dc.identifier.otherdoi:10.1007/s10620-020-06112-wen_ZA
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/125418en_ZA
dc.language.isoen_ZAen_ZA
dc.publisherSpringeren_ZA
dc.subjectBile acidsen_ZA
dc.subjectColon (Anatomy) -- Canceren_ZA
dc.subjectFiber in human nutritionen_ZA
dc.subjectMetabolitesen_ZA
dc.subjectGut microbiomeen_ZA
dc.subjectMetabolomeen_ZA
dc.subjectFatty acids in human nutritionen_ZA
dc.subjectType 2 diabetesen_ZA
dc.titleDiet and the human gut microbiome : an international reviewen_ZA
dc.typeArticleen_ZA
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