Towards an early warning system for Rhodesian sleeping sickness in Savannah Areas : man-like traps for tsetse flies

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dc.contributor.authorVale, Glyn A.en_ZA
dc.contributor.authorHall, David R.en_ZA
dc.contributor.authorChamisa, Andrewen_ZA
dc.contributor.authorTorr, Stephen J.en_ZA
dc.date.accessioned2013-02-22T13:07:44Z
dc.date.available2013-02-22T13:07:44Z
dc.date.issued2012-12
dc.descriptionCITATION: Vale, G. A., et al. 2012. Towards an early warning system for Rhodesian sleeping sickness in Savannah Areas : man-like traps for tsetse flies. PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, 6(12): 1-9, doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0001978.
dc.descriptionThe original publication is available at http://journals.plos.org/plosntds
dc.description.abstractBackground: In the savannahs of East and Southern Africa, tsetse flies (Glossina spp.) transmit Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense which causes Rhodesian sleeping sickness, the zoonotic form of human African trypanosomiasis. The flies feed mainly on wild and domestic animals and are usually repelled by humans. However, this innate aversion to humans can be undermined by environmental stresses on tsetse populations, so increasing disease risk. To monitor changes in risk, we need traps designed specifically to quantify the responsiveness of savannah tsetse to humans, but the traps currently available are designed to simulate other hosts. Methodology/Principal Findings: In Zimbabwe, two approaches were made towards developing a man-like trap for savannah tsetse: either modifying an ox-like trap or creating new designs. Tsetse catches from a standard ox-like trap used with and without artificial ox odor were reduced by two men standing nearby, by an average of 34% for Glossina morsitans morsitans and 56% for G. pallidipes, thus giving catches more like those made by hand-nets from men. Sampling by electrocuting devices suggested that the men stopped flies arriving near the trap and discouraged trap-entering responses. Most of human repellence was olfactory, as evidenced by the reduction in catches when the trap was used with the odor of hidden men. Geranyl acetone, known to occur in human odor, and dispensed at 0.2 mg/h, was about as repellent as human odor but not as powerfully repellent as wood smoke. New traps looking and smelling like men gave catches like those from men. Conclusion/Significance: Catches from the completely new man-like traps seem too small to give reliable indices of human repellence. Better indications would be provided by comparing the catches of an ox-like trap either with or without artificial human odor. The chemistry and practical applications of the repellence of human odor and smoke deserve further study.en_ZA
dc.description.sponsorshipFunding: UNICEF/UNDP/World Bank/FAO Special Programme for Research and Training in Tropical Diseasesen_ZA
dc.description.versionPublisher's versionen_ZA
dc.format.extent9 pagesen_ZA
dc.identifier.citationVale, G. A., et al. 2012. Towards an early warning system for Rhodesian sleeping sickness in Savannah Areas : man-like traps for tsetse flies. PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, 6(12): 1-9, doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0001978
dc.identifier.issn1935-2735 (online)
dc.identifier.issn1935-2727 (print)
dc.identifier.otherdoi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0001978
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/79600
dc.language.isoen_ZAen_ZA
dc.publisherPublic Library of Scienceen_ZA
dc.rights.holderAuthors retain copyrighten_ZA
dc.subjectTsetse-fliesen_ZA
dc.subjectTrypanosoma brucei rhodesienseen_ZA
dc.subjectHuman repellenceen_ZA
dc.subjectOx-like trapen_ZA
dc.subjectMan-like trapen_ZA
dc.subjectAfrican trypanosomiasisen_ZA
dc.subjectTrappingen_ZA
dc.titleTowards an early warning system for Rhodesian sleeping sickness in Savannah Areas : man-like traps for tsetse fliesen_ZA
dc.typeArticleen_ZA
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