The relationship between substance abuse, health status and health behaviours of patients attending HIV clinics
| dc.contributor.advisor | Seedat, Soraya | en_ZA |
| dc.contributor.advisor | Parry, Charles | en_ZA |
| dc.contributor.advisor | Koch, Randy | en_ZA |
| dc.contributor.author | Kader, Rehana | en_ZA |
| dc.contributor.other | Stellenbosch University. Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Dept. of Psychiatry. | en_ZA |
| dc.date.accessioned | 2013-02-06T08:52:16Z | en_ZA |
| dc.date.accessioned | 2013-03-15T07:25:13Z | |
| dc.date.available | 2013-02-06T08:52:16Z | en_ZA |
| dc.date.available | 2013-03-15T07:25:13Z | |
| dc.date.issued | 2013-03 | en_ZA |
| dc.description | Thesis (PhD)--Stellenbosch University, 2013. | en_ZA |
| dc.description.abstract | ENGLISH ABSTRACT: HIV infection, substance abuse, and psychiatric disorders are major public health issues in South Africa. Psychiatric disorders and substance-use disorders together have a negative impact on the health outcomes of people living with HIV and AIDS (PLWHA), such as poor adherence to anti-retrovirals (ARVs), HIV disease progression, lower CD4 counts, vulnerability to opportunistic infections, high viral loads, possible drug resistance, and an earlier onset of death. The overall aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between substance abuse practices and the health status and health behaviour of patients attending HIV clinics in the Cape Metropole. The study used a cross-sectional study design for collecting data on hazardous or harmful use of alcohol and problematic drug use, demographic information and health status among patients attending eight HIV clinics in the Cape Metropole. A sub-sample of patients were assessed on the following domains: depression, psychological distress, psychopathology, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), risky sexual behaviour, adherence to ARVs, levels of resilience, levels of social support and patient’s work, family and social functioning. Of the 608, 10% of consecutively selected patients completed an additional psychiatric diagnostic interview (Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview). The main findings to emerge from this study are: 1. Patients reporting hazardous or harmful use of alcohol and/or drug use are significantly more likely to be non-adherent to ARVs and have lower CD4 counts than their non-substance abusing counterparts 2. Hazardous or harmful use of alcohol has a direct influence on CD4 count resulting in lower CD4 counts and participants being less likely to be on ARVs. 3. Hazardous or harmful use of alcohol has a direct relationship in predicting tuberculosis (TB). 4. Hazardous or harmful users of alcohol and/or problematic drug users are more likely to report psychological distress (anxiety and depression), depression and low levels of family support than their non-using counterparts. 5. Participants who met the criteria for major depression are significantly more likely to be non-adherent to ARVs. 6. Gender, depression, psychological distress, and PTSD were found to be significant determinants of hazardous or harmful use of alcohol. 7. Psychological distress (anxiety and depression) is significant in directly predicting ARV non-adherence. 8. Male participants and those who stopped taking their ARVs were more likely to have lower CD4 counts than female participants and those who did not stop. 9. PTSD was found to predict psychological distress indicating that participants who experienced trauma were more likely to suffer from psychological distress (anxiety and depression) compared to those who did not experience any PTSD. Participants with lower levels of family support were more likely to suffer from psychological distress than those with high levels of family support. | en_ZA |
| dc.description.abstract | AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: MIV infeksie, dwelmmisbruik en geestesversteurings is groot gesondheidskwessies in Suid-Afrika. Geestesversteurings en dwelmmisbruik het gesamentlik 'n negatiewe uitwerking op die gesondheid van mense wat met MIV en VIGS saamleef (PLWHA), soos byvoorbeeld nie-nakoming in die gebruik van antiretrovirale (ARV’s), MIVsiekteverloop, laer CD4-tellings, vatbaarheid vir opportunistiese infeksies, hoë virale ladings, moontlike weerstand teen medikasie en 'n verkorte leeftyd. Die oorkoepelende doel van hierdie studie was om die verhouding tussen dwelmmisbruik en die gesondheidstatus en -gedrag van pasiënte wat MIV klinieke in die Kaapse Metropool besoek, te bestudeer. Die studie het 'n deursnee-ontwerp gebruik om data in te samel oor die nadelige en gevaarlike gebruik van alkohol en problematiese dwelmgebruik, demografiese inligting, en die gesondheidstatus onder pasiënte wat agt MIV klinieke in die Kaapse Metropool besoek het. 'n Subgroep pasiënte geassesseer op die volgende gebiede: depressie, psigologiese angsversteuring, psigopatologie, posttraumatiese stresversteuring (PTSV), riskante seksuele gedrag, nakoming in die gebruik van ARV’s, weerstandigheidsvlakke , vlakke van sosiale ondersteuning, asook pasiënte se werk, familie en sosiale funksionering. Van die 608 deelnemers is 10% van die pasiënte opeenvolgend geselekteer om 'n addisionele diagnostiese psigiatriese onderhoud te ondergaan (Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview). Die vernaamste bevindinge wat uit die studie gekom het, is: 1. Pasiënte wat nadelige en gevaarlike gebruik van alkohol en/of dwelms rapporteer is beduidend meer geneig om nie die gebruik van ARV’s na te kom nie, en het laer CD4-tellings as hulle eweknieë wat nie dwelms misbruik nie. 2. Die nadelige en gevaarlike gebruik van alkohol het 'n direkte invloed op CD4- tellings wat lei tot laer CD4-tellings en dat pasiënte minder geneig is om op ARV’s te wees. 3. Die nadelige en gevaarlike gebruik van alkohol hou direk verband met die voorspelbaarheid van tuberkulose (TB). 4. Nadelige en gevaarlike gebruikers van alkohol en/of problematiese dwelmgebruikers, is meer geneig om psigologiese angsversteurings (angs en depressie), depressie, en laer vlakke van familieondersteuning te rapporteer as hul niegebruiker-eweknieë. 5. Deelnemers wat aan die kriteria vir ernstige depressie voldoen, is aansienlik meer geneig tot nie-nakoming in die gebruik van ARV’s. 6. Daar is gevind dat geslag, depressie, psigologiese angs en PTSV beduidende bydraende faktore is tot die nadelige en gevaarlike gebruik van alkohol. 7. Psigologiese angsversteurings (angs en depressie) is beduidend om direk die nie-nakoming van ARV’s te voorspel. 8. Manlike deelnemers en diegene wat hul ARV’s gestaak het, was meer geneig om laer CD4-tellings te hê as vroulike deelnemers en diegene wat nie die gebruik van medikasie gestaak het nie. 9. Daar is gevind dat PTSV psigologiese angs voorspel het wat aandui dat deelnemers wat trauma ondervind het, meer geneig was om aan psigologiese angsversteurings (angs en depressie) te ly in vergelyking met diegene wat geen PTSV ervaar het nie. Deelnemers met laer vlakke van familieondersteuning was meer geneig om aan psigologiese angsversteurings te ly as diegene met hoë vlakke van familiebystand. | af_ZA |
| dc.format.extent | 224 p. | |
| dc.identifier.uri | http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/79891 | |
| dc.language.iso | en_ZA | en_ZA |
| dc.publisher | Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University | en_ZA |
| dc.rights.holder | Stellenbosch University | |
| dc.subject | Dissertations -- Psychiatry | en_ZA |
| dc.subject | Theses -- Psychiatry | en_ZA |
| dc.subject | Health behavior -- South Africa -- Cape Town | en_ZA |
| dc.subject | HIV positive persons -- South Africa -- Cape Town | en_ZA |
| dc.subject | AIDS (Disease) -- Patients -- South Africa -- Cape Town | en_ZA |
| dc.subject | Substance abuse -- South Africa -- Cape Town | en_ZA |
| dc.title | The relationship between substance abuse, health status and health behaviours of patients attending HIV clinics | en_ZA |
| dc.type | Thesis | en_ZA |