Perinatal HIV infection or exposure is associated with low N-acetylaspartate and glutamate in basal ganglia at age 9 but not 7 years

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dc.contributor.authorRobertson, Frances C.en_ZA
dc.contributor.authorHolmes, Martha J.en_ZA
dc.contributor.authorCotton, Mark F.en_ZA
dc.contributor.authorDobbels, Elsen_ZA
dc.contributor.authorLittle, Francescaen_ZA
dc.contributor.authorLaughton, Barbaraen_ZA
dc.contributor.authorVan Der Kouwe, Andre J. W.en_ZA
dc.contributor.authorMeintjes, Ernesta M.en_ZA
dc.date.accessioned2019-09-23T09:34:28Z
dc.date.available2019-09-23T09:34:28Z
dc.date.issued2018
dc.descriptionCITATION: Robertson, F. C., et al. 2018. Perinatal HIV infection or exposure is associated with low N-acetylaspartate and glutamate in basal ganglia at age 9 but not 7 years. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 12:145, doi:10.3389/fnhum.2018.00145.
dc.descriptionThe original publication is available at https://www.frontiersin.org
dc.description.abstractENGLISH ABSTRACT: Abnormalities of the basal ganglia are frequently seen in HIV-infected (HIV+) children despite antiretroviral treatment (ART) initiation during childhood. Assessment of metabolites associated with neuronal integrity or with glial proliferation can present a sensitive description of metabolic events underlying basal ganglia structural changes. We used magnetic resonance spectroscopy to examine differences in creatine, choline, N-acetylaspartate (NAA), glutamate, and myo-inositol between HIV+ children and HIV-unexposed controls, as well as between HIV-exposed uninfected (HEU) children and HIV-unexposed controls at age 7 and at age 9. No differences in metabolites relative to the HIV-unexposed control group were found at age 7. However, at 9 years, both HIV+ and HEU had lower NAA and glutamate than unexposed control children. HEU children also had lower creatine and choline than control children. At age 7, lower CD4/CD8 ratio at enrollment was associated with lower choline levels. At age 9 lower CD4/CD8 at enrollment was associated with lower myo-inositol. Low NAA and glutamate at age 9, but not 7, suggest that basal ganglia neurons may be particularly affected by perinatal HIV/ART and that neuronal damage may be ongoing despite early ART and viral suppression. Reduced basal ganglia metabolite levels in HEU children suggest an effect of HIV exposure on childhood brain development that merits further investigation using neuroimaging and neurocognitive testing.en_ZA
dc.description.urihttps://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnhum.2018.00145/full
dc.description.versionPublisher's version
dc.format.extent10 pagesen_ZA
dc.identifier.citationRobertson, F. C., et al. 2018. Perinatal HIV infection or exposure is associated with low N-acetylaspartate and glutamate in basal ganglia at age 9 but not 7 years. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 12:145, doi:10.3389/fnhum.2018.00145
dc.identifier.issn1662-5161 (online)
dc.identifier.otherdoi:10.3389/fnhum.2018.00145
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/106515
dc.language.isoen_ZAen_ZA
dc.publisherFrontiers Mediaen_ZA
dc.rights.holderAuthors retain copyrighten_ZA
dc.subjectHIV infectionsen_ZA
dc.subjectMaternal health servicesen_ZA
dc.subjectN-acetylhomotaurineen_ZA
dc.subjectGlutamateen_ZA
dc.titlePerinatal HIV infection or exposure is associated with low N-acetylaspartate and glutamate in basal ganglia at age 9 but not 7 yearsen_ZA
dc.typeArticleen_ZA
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