Factors that promote exclusive breastfeeding amongst mothers at a hospital in Windhoek, Namibia

Date
2021-03
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University
Abstract
ENGLISH SUMMARY : Background: Exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) refers to the practice of giving a newborn infant only breast milk up to the age of six months. EBF rates remains low at 42% globally and according to the World Health Organization (WHO), 823 000 infant deaths can be avoided annually if EBF is universally implemented. The WHO targets an EBF rate of 70% globally by 2030 and the Namibian rate was only 19% in 2017. There is limited information in Namibia on the factors promoting EBF. The purpose of the study was to investigate the factors that promote EBF amongst mothers at a public health facility in Windhoek, Namibia. Methods: A quantitative, cross‐sectional and comparative descriptive design was used. The target population was all mothers aged 18 years or older, with infants aged between 0 and 6 months who attended the public health care facility within the three months’ study period. The researcher collected data from 270 mothers. The participants completed a self-administered questionnaire. Data was analysed with the assistance of a biostatistician using descriptive and inferential statistics. Ethical considerations of the rights to self-determination, confidentiality, anonymity, as well as the right to protection from harm were observed. Ethics approval was obtained from the Health Research Ethics Committee of Stellenbosch University (S19/06/112) and from the Research Ethics Committee of the Ministry of Health and Social Services in Namibia (17/3/3/RMN) prior to data collection. Results: The study revealed that the overall prevalence of EBF was 87.8% (n=237) among the participants. No significant socio-demographic or sociocultural predictors of EBF were identified. Among the biophysical factors, having more than two pregnancies and more than two children were found to be significant predictors of EBF (OR=2.9, CI=1.0 to 8.4, p=0.05), (OR=3.2, CI=1.0 to 10.1, p=0.05). The mothers had an average knowledge score of 76.3% (SD 10.7) and an average attitude score of 76.2% (SD 7.8) with no significant difference in the scores between the EBF group and the non-EBF group. Conclusion: The prevalence of EBF in this study was high compared with the national prevalence and may be an indication that if mothers can be encouraged to attend maternal health services, the general EBF prevalence can increase. It appears if having more than two children promotes EBF practices and that other factors may have a smaller effect on EBF practices as contradictory results were reported in the literature. Therefore, it can be recommended that the current breastfeeding policies should be implemented in full to support mothers, in particular new mothers. Health education on EBF should be provided during the perinatal period and up to six months to ensure that mothers practice EBF.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING : Eksklusiewe borsvoeding (EBF) verwys na die gebruik om pasgebore babas tot die ouderdom van ses maande net borsmelk te gee. EBF-koerse bly wêreldwyd laag op 42% en volgens die Wêreldgesondheidsorganisasie (WGO) kan 823 000 sterftes by babas jaarliks vermy word as EBF universeel geïmplementeer word. Die WGO het 'n EBF-koers van 70% wêreldwyd teen 2030 en die Namibiese koers was slegs 19% in 2017. Daar is beperkte inligting in Namibië oor die faktore wat EBF bevorder. Die doel van die studie was om die faktore te ondersoek wat EBF onder moeders by 'n openbare gesondheidsinstelling in Windhoek, Namibië, bevorder. Metodes: 'N Kwantitatiewe, dwarsdeursnee en vergelykende beskrywende ontwerp is gebruik. Die teikenpopulasie was alle moeders van 18 jaar of ouer, met babas tussen 0 en 6 maande wat binne die studieperiode van drie maande die openbare gesondheidsorgfasiliteit bygewoon het. Die navorser het data van 270 moeders versamel. Die deelnemers het 'n self-geadministreerde vraelys voltooi. Data is geanaliseer met behulp van 'n biostatistikus met behulp van beskrywende en afleidende statistieke. Etiese oorwegings van die regte tot selfbeskikking, vertroulikheid, anonimiteit, sowel as die reg op beskerming teen skade, is waargeneem. Etiese goedkeuring is verkry deur die Etiese Komitee vir Gesondheidsnavorsing van die Universiteit Stellenbosch (S19 / 06/112) en van die Navorsingsetiekkomitee van die Ministerie van Gesondheid en Maatskaplike Dienste in Namibië (17/3/3 / RMN) voordat data versamel is. Resultate: Die studie het aan die lig gebring dat die algehele voorkoms van EBF 87.8% (n = 237) onder die deelnemers was. Geen beduidende sosio-demografiese of sosiokulturele voorspellers van EBF is geïdentifiseer nie. Onder die biofisiese faktore was meer as twee swangerskappe en meer as twee kinders as beduidende voorspellers van EBF (OR=2.9, CI=1.0 to 8.4,p=0.05), (OR=3.2, CI=1.0 to 10.1, p=0.05) geïdentifiseer. Die moeders het 'n gemiddelde kennis telling van 76.3% (SD 10.7) en 'n gemiddelde houding telling van 76.2% (SD 7.8) gehad, sonder beduidende verskille in die tellings tussen die EBF-groep en die nie-EBF-groep. Slotsom: Die voorkoms van EBF in hierdie studie is hoog in vergelyking met die nasionale voorkoms en kan 'n aanduiding wees dat as moeders aangemoedig kan word om moedergesondheidsdienste by te woon, die algemene voorkoms van EBF kan toeneem. Dit blyk dat, om meer as twee kinders te hê, EBF-praktyke bevorder, en dat ander faktore 'n kleiner invloed op EBF-praktyke het, aangesien die literatuur ook teenstrydige resultate toon. Daarom kan aanbeveel word dat die huidige borsvoedingsbeleid ten volle geïmplementeer moet word om moeders, veral nuwe moeders, te ondersteun. Gesondheidsopvoeding oor EBF moet gedurende die perinatale periode en tot ses maande aangebied word om te verseker dat moeders EBF beoefen.
Description
Thesis (MNur)--Stellenbosch University, 2021.
Keywords
Breastfeeding -- Windhoek (Namibia), Breastfeeding promotion -- Windhoek (Namibia), UCTD
Citation