The palladacycle complex AJ-5 induces apoptotic cell death while reducing autophagic flux in rhabdomyosarcoma cells

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dc.contributor.authorBleloch, Jenna Susanen_ZA
dc.contributor.authordu Toit, Andreen_ZA
dc.contributor.authorGibhard, Liezlen_ZA
dc.contributor.authorKiman, Serahen_ZA
dc.contributor.authorBallim, Reyna Deeyaen_ZA
dc.contributor.authorLee, Minkyuen_ZA
dc.contributor.authorBlanckenberg, Angeliqueen_ZA
dc.contributor.authorMapolie, Selwynen_ZA
dc.contributor.authorWiesner, Lubbeen_ZA
dc.contributor.authorLoos, Benen_ZA
dc.contributor.authorPrince, Sharonen_ZA
dc.date.accessioned2021-08-25T08:27:22Z
dc.date.available2021-08-25T08:27:22Z
dc.date.issued2019-01-28
dc.descriptionCITATION: Bleloch, J. S., et al. 2019. The palladacycle complex AJ-5 induces apoptotic cell death while reducing autophagic flux in rhabdomyosarcoma cells. Cell Death Discovery, 5 (60). doi:10.1038/s41420-019-0139-9
dc.descriptionThe original publication is available at https://www.nature.com/cddiscovery/
dc.description.abstractRhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) forms in skeletal muscle and is the most common soft tissue sarcoma in children and adolescents. Current treatment is associated with debilitating side effects and treatment outcomes for patients with metastatic disease are dismal. Recently, a novel binuclear palladacycle, AJ-5, was shown to exert potent cytotoxicity in melanoma and breast cancer and to present with negligible adverse effects in mice. This study investigates the anticancer activity of AJ-5 in alveolar and embryonal RMS. IC50 values of ≤ 0.2 µM were determined for AJ-5 and it displayed a favourable selectivity index of >2. Clonogenic and migration assays showed that AJ-5 inhibited the ability of RMS cells to survive and migrate, respectively. Western blotting revealed that AJ-5 induced levels of key DNA damage response proteins (γH2AX, p-ATM and p-Chk2) and the p38/MAPK stress pathway. This correlated with an upregulation of p21 and a G1 cell cycle arrest. Annexin V-FITC/propidium iodide staining revealed that AJ-5 induced apoptosis and necrosis. Apoptosis was confirmed by the detection of cleaved PARP and increased levels and activity of cleaved caspases-3, -7, -8 and -9. Furthermore, AJ-5 reduced autophagic flux as shown by reduced LC3II accumulation in the presence of bafilomycin A1 and a significant reduction in autophagosome flux J. Finally, pharmacokinetic studies in mice show that AJ-5 has a promising half-life and that its volume of distribution is high, its clearance low and its intraperitoneal absorption is good. Together these findings suggest that AJ-5 may be an effective chemotherapeutic with a desirable mechanism of action for treating drug-resistant and advanced sarcomas.en_ZA
dc.description.sponsorshipSA Medical Research Council
dc.description.sponsorshipNational Research Foundation
dc.description.sponsorshipCancer Association of South Africa
dc.description.sponsorshipUniversity of Cape Town
dc.description.urihttps://www.nature.com/articles/s41420-019-0139-9
dc.description.versionPublisher’s version
dc.format.extent16 page : illustrations (some color)en_ZA
dc.identifier.citationBleloch, J. S., et al. 2019. The palladacycle complex AJ-5 induces apoptotic cell death while reducing autophagic flux in rhabdomyosarcoma cells. Cell Death Discovery, 5 (60). doi:10.1038/s41420-019-0139-9
dc.identifier.issn2058-7716 (online)
dc.identifier.otherdoi:10.1038/s41420-019-0139-9
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/112412
dc.language.isoen_ZAen_ZA
dc.publisherSpringer Nature
dc.rights.holderAuthors retain copyright
dc.subjectRhabdomyosarcomaen_ZA
dc.subjectAutophagic fluxen_ZA
dc.subjectMetastatic disease -- Treatmenten_ZA
dc.subjectApoptosis -- Therapeutic useen_ZA
dc.subjectCell deathen_ZA
dc.titleThe palladacycle complex AJ-5 induces apoptotic cell death while reducing autophagic flux in rhabdomyosarcoma cellsen_ZA
dc.typeArticleen_ZA
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