Upscaling biodiversity : estimating the species–area relationship from small samples

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dc.contributor.authorKunin, William E.en_ZA
dc.contributor.authorHarte, Johnen_ZA
dc.contributor.authorHe, Fangliangen_ZA
dc.contributor.authorHui, Cangen_ZA
dc.contributor.authorJobe, R. Todden_ZA
dc.contributor.authorOstling, Annetteen_ZA
dc.contributor.authorPolce, Chiaraen_ZA
dc.contributor.authorSizling, Arnosten_ZA
dc.contributor.authorSmith, Adam B.en_ZA
dc.contributor.authorSmith, Kristeren_ZA
dc.contributor.authorSmart, Simon M.en_ZA
dc.contributor.authorStorch, Daviden_ZA
dc.contributor.authorTjorve, Evenen_ZA
dc.contributor.authorUgland, Karl‐Inneen_ZA
dc.contributor.authorUlrich, Werneren_ZA
dc.contributor.authorVarma, Varunen_ZA
dc.date.accessioned2020-01-30T08:02:05Z
dc.date.available2020-01-30T08:02:05Z
dc.date.issued2018
dc.descriptionCITATION: Kunin, W. E., et al. 2018. Upscaling biodiversity : estimating the species–area relationship from small samples. Ecological Monographs, 88(2):170-187, doi:10.1002/ecm.1284.
dc.descriptionThe original publication is available at https://esajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com
dc.description.abstractThe challenge of biodiversity upscaling, estimating the species richness of a large area from scattered local surveys within it, has attracted increasing interest in recent years, producing a wide range of competing approaches. Such methods, if successful, could have important applications to multi‐scale biodiversity estimation and monitoring. Here we test 19 techniques using a high quality plant data set: the GB Countryside Survey 1999, detailed surveys of a stratified random sample of British landscapes. In addition to the full data set, a set of geographical and statistical subsets was created, allowing each method to be tested on multiple data sets with different characteristics. The predictions of the models were tested against the “true” species–area relationship for British plants, derived from contemporaneously surveyed national atlas data. This represents a far more ambitious test than is usually employed, requiring 5–10 orders of magnitude in upscaling. The methods differed greatly in their performance; while there are 2,326 focal plant taxa recorded in the focal region, up‐scaled species richness estimates ranged from 62 to 11,593. Several models provided reasonably reliable results across the 16 test data sets: the Shen and He and the Ulrich and Ollik models provided the most robust estimates of total species richness, with the former generally providing estimates within 10% of the true value. The methods tested proved less accurate at estimating the shape of the species–area relationship (SAR) as a whole; the best single method was Hui's Occupancy Rank Curve approach, which erred on average by <20%. A hybrid method combining a total species richness estimate (from the Shen and He model) with a downscaling approach (the Šizling model) proved more accurate in predicting the SAR (mean relative error 15.5%) than any of the pure upscaling approaches tested. There remains substantial room for improvement in upscaling methods, but our results suggest that several existing methods have a high potential for practical application to estimating species richness at coarse spatial scales. The methods should greatly facilitate biodiversity estimation in poorly studied taxa and regions, and the monitoring of biodiversity change at multiple spatial scales.en_ZA
dc.description.urihttps://esajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/ecm.1284
dc.description.versionPublisher's version
dc.format.extent18 pages
dc.identifier.citationKunin, W. E., et al. 2018. Upscaling biodiversity : estimating the species–area relationship from small samples. Ecological Monographs, 88(2):170-187, doi:10.1002/ecm.1284
dc.identifier.issn0012-9615 (online)
dc.identifier.otherdoi:10.1002/ecm.1284
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/107397
dc.language.isoen_ZAen_ZA
dc.publisherEcological Society of America
dc.rights.holderEcological Society of America
dc.subjectBiodiversity upscalingen_ZA
dc.subjectBiodiversity -- Great Britain -- Surveysen_ZA
dc.subjectBiogeographyen_ZA
dc.subjectSpecies diversity -- Monitoringen_ZA
dc.subjectEstimation of species -- Methodologyen_ZA
dc.subjectSpecies-area relationshipsen_ZA
dc.subjectSampling (Statistics)en_ZA
dc.subjectNumber of species -- Great Britainen_ZA
dc.titleUpscaling biodiversity : estimating the species–area relationship from small samplesen_ZA
dc.typeArticleen_ZA
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