Pathology supported genetic testing and treatment of cardiovascular disease in middle age for prevention of Alzheimer’s disease

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dc.contributor.authorKotze, Maritha J.
dc.contributor.authorVan Rensburg, Susan J.
dc.date.accessioned2013-04-26T07:43:43Z
dc.date.available2013-04-26T07:43:43Z
dc.date.issued2012-04
dc.descriptionPublication of this article was funded by the Stellenbosch University Open Access Fund.en_ZA
dc.descriptionThe original publication is available at http://link.springer.com/journal/11011en_ZA
dc.description.abstractChronic, multi-factorial conditions caused by a complex interaction between genetic and environmental risk factors frequently share common disease mechanisms, as evidenced by an overlap between genetic risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in several genes including ApoE, MTHFR, HFE and FTO are known to increase the risk of both conditions. The E4 allele of the ApoE polymorphism is the most extensively studied risk factor for AD and increases the risk of coronary heart disease by approximately 40%. It furthermore displays differential therapeutic responses with use of cholesterol-lowering statins and acetylcholinesterase inhibitors, whichmay also be due to variation in the CYP2D6 gene in some patients. Disease expression may be triggered by gene-environment interaction causing conversion of minor metabolic abnormalities into major brain disease due to cumulative risk. A growing body of evidence supports the assessment and treatment of CVD risk factors in midlife as a preventable cause of cognitive decline, morbidity and mortality in old age. In this review, the concept of pathology supported genetic testing (PSGT) for CVD is described in this context. PSGTcombines DNA testing with biochemical measurements to determine gene expression and to monitor response to treatment. The aim is to diagnose treatable disease subtypes of complex disorders, facilitate prevention of cumulative risk and formulate intervention strategies guided from the genetic background. CVD provides a model to address the lifestyle link in most chronic diseases with a genetic component. Similar preventative measures would apply for optimisation of heart and brain health.en_ZA
dc.description.sponsorshipStellenbosch University Open Access Funden_ZA
dc.description.versionPublishers' versionen_ZA
dc.identifier.citationKotze, M. J. & Janse Van Rensburg, S. J. 2012. Pathology supported genetic testing and treatment of cardiovascular disease in middle age for prevention of Alzheimer’s disease. Metabolic Brain Disease, 27(3):255-266, doi:10.1007/s11011-012-9296-8.en_ZA
dc.identifier.issn0885-7490 (print)
dc.identifier.issn1573-7356 (online)
dc.identifier.otherdoi:10.1007/s11011-012-9296-8
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/80699
dc.language.isoen_ZAen_ZA
dc.publisherSpringerLinken_ZA
dc.rights.holderAuthor retain copyrighten_ZA
dc.subjectGeneticsen_ZA
dc.subjectBiochemistryen_ZA
dc.subjectPSGTen_ZA
dc.subjectPersonalised medicineen_ZA
dc.subjectAlzheimer’s diseaseen_ZA
dc.subjectCVDen_ZA
dc.titlePathology supported genetic testing and treatment of cardiovascular disease in middle age for prevention of Alzheimer’s diseaseen_ZA
dc.typeArticleen_ZA
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