A history of border control and trade relations between Zimbabwe and Zambia, c. 1963-2017

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dc.contributor.advisorSwart, Sandra Scotten_ZA
dc.contributor.authorMuguti, Teverayien_ZA
dc.contributor.otherStellenbosch University. Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences. Dept. of History.en_ZA
dc.date.accessioned2024-03-04T13:06:57Z
dc.date.accessioned2024-04-26T21:15:24Z
dc.date.available2024-03-04T13:06:57Z
dc.date.available2024-04-26T21:15:24Z
dc.date.issued2024-03
dc.descriptionThesis (DPhil)--Stellenbosch University, 2024.en_ZA
dc.description.abstractENGLISH ABSTRACT: thesis historicises how different government administrations have implemented border control measures in Zimbabwe, from the dissolution of the Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland in 1963 up to the end of Robert Mugabe’s rule in 2017. Focussing particularly on Zimbabwe, the thesis analyses the different ways in which the state controlled the movement of people, goods, and services across its northern border. This helps in understanding the state and its citizens’ survival against different setbacks including isolation, war, and economic shortages. Through a careful longitudinal historical reconstruction of the Zimbabwe-Zambia relations, the study demonstrates the significance of the border (in all its forms) in shaping the state-to-state interaction between the two neighbouring countries. In addition, the thesis then examines how ordinary people in a typical borderland area (Binga district in Zimbabwe) have negotiated state border security policy in their lives over time, in both quotidian and extraordinary circumstances. I utilise archival documents, the Rhodesia Cory Library (Unprocessed Ian Smith Papers), newspapers, oral data, ethnography, and assorted secondary literature to delineate how the various Zimbabwe border control mechanisms have evolved since 1963. The thesis deploys thematic, narrative, and interpretive phenomenological analyses to examine Zimbabwe state border security policy over time. Quantitative methods are also utilised to analyse the various statistical trends in border occurrences along the Zimbabwe – Zambia border. Adopting the borderlands theoretical framework in delineating the Binga community responses to border security policy, the thesis, adds a new concept of ‘spiritual borders’ to border studies. The beliefs in spiritual borders have influenced some Tonga borderland citizens to have a religious justification for disregarding state border control mechanisms. The thesis argues that state border security policy has not only prioritised macro - interests of the state, but also those of elites and the politically connected while neglecting the (micro) aspirations of ordinary communities from below. However, as further argued, the citizens have not been passive recipients of state policy as they have redefined the border in many ways, utilising it to pursue their own respective personal survival. Understanding of the dynamic contestations over the complex utilisation of state borders helps in syncing modern day state border security policy with the interests of the ordinary people in the borderlands, the rest of Zimbabwe, Africa, and the world at large.en_ZA
dc.description.abstractAFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie tesis historiseer hoe verskillende regeringsadministrasies in Zimbabwe vanaf die ontbinding van die Federasie van Rhodesië in 1963 tot in met die einde van Robert Mugabe se bewind in 2017, die Zimbabwe-Zambië grens gebruik het om verskeie nasionale en persoonlike belange oor tyd bevorder het. Deur op Zimbabwe te fokus, analiseer hierdie tesis die verskillende maniere hoe die staat die beweging van mense, goedere en dienste regoor die noordelike grens gekontroleer het. Dit help om die oorlewing daarvan teen verskeie terugslae insluitende isolasie, oorloë en ekonomiese tekortkominge te verstaan. Deur ‘n versigtige longitudinale historiese rekonstruksie van die Zimbabwe-Zambië verhouding te doen, demonstreer hierdie studie die belangrikheid van die grens (in al sy vorms) in die vorming van die staat-tot-staat interaksie tussen die twee naburige lande. Bykomend tot dit, ondersoek die tesis hoe gewone mense in ‘n tipiese grenslandike area (die Binga-distrik in Zimbabwe) die staat grens sekuriteitsbeleid in hul lewens oor tyd geonderhandel het, in beide kwotidiaanse en buitengewone omstandighede. Ek maak gebruik van argief dokumente, die Rhodesië Cory Biblioteek (Onverwerkte Smith Vraestelle), koerante, mondelinge data, etnografie en verskeie sekondêre bronne om te wys hoe die verskillende Zimbabwiese grens sekuriteit meganisme oor tyd ontwikkel het. Hierdie tesis ontplooi tematiese, narratiewe en interpratiewe fenomenologiese ontledings om die Zimbabwiese staatsgrens sekuriteitsbeleid oor ‘n beloop van tyd te ondersoek. Kwantitatiewe metodes word ook gebruik om die verskeie statistiese tendense in die grens gebeure langs die Zimbabwe-Zambië grens te analiseer. Deur die grensland teoretiese raamwerk aan te neem in die afbakening van die Binga gemeenskap se reaksies op die grens veiligheidsbeleid, voeg hierdie tesis ‘n nuwe konsep tot die ‘spirituele grense’ tot grens studies by. Die oortuiging in ‘n spirituele grens het sommige van die Tonga grensland burgers beïnvloed om ‘n godsdienstige regverdiging vir die verontagsaming van die staatsbeheerde kontrole meganismes oor tyd te hê. Hierdie tesis argumenteer dat staat sekuriteitsbeleid nie net die makro belange van die staat geprioritiseer het nie, maar ook diegene van die elite en die polities verbonde, terwyl die (mikro) aspirasies van die gewone gemeenskap van onder afgeskeep word. Soos verder aangevoer is, was burgers nie die passiewe ontvangers van ‘n staatsbeleid nie, aangesien hulle die grens op verskillende maniere herdefinieer het en dit gebruik het om hul onderskeie persoonlike oorlewing na te streef. Begrip van die dinamiese betwisting deur die komplekse benutting van staatsgrense help met die sinchronisering van moderne staatsgrens sekuriteitsbeleid met die belange van die gewone mense in die grenslande, die res van Zimbabwe, Afrika en die wêreld tot in grote.af_ZA
dc.description.versionDoctoralen_ZA
dc.format.extentxvii, 204 pages : coloured illustrations, includes annexureen_ZA
dc.identifier.urihttps://scholar.sun.ac.za/handle/10019.1/130538
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherStellenbosch : Stellenbosch Universityen_ZA
dc.rights.holderStellenbosch Universityen_ZA
dc.subjectTrade relationsen_ZA
dc.subject.lcshBorder security -- Government policyen_ZA
dc.subject.lcshZimbabwe -- Commerce -- Zambiaen_ZA
dc.subject.lcshZambia -- Commerce -- Zimbabween_ZA
dc.subject.lcshHuman geographyen_ZA
dc.subject.lcshBoundaries -- Social aspectsen_ZA
dc.subject.lcshBorderlands -- Africa, Southernen_ZA
dc.subject.nameUCTD
dc.titleA history of border control and trade relations between Zimbabwe and Zambia, c. 1963-2017en_ZA
dc.typeThesisen_ZA
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