Assessing the economic impact of road traffic injuries on privately insured healthcare recipients in South Africa during the covid-19 pandemic

Date
2024-03
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Publisher
Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University
Abstract
ENGLISH SUMMARY: Background: Road Traffic Injuries (RTIs) are a global public health problem, with around 1.3 million deaths annually. According to the World Health Organisation (2020), road traffic injuries are the 10th leading cause of death in upper-middle-income countries and constitute one of the five major diseases and conditions with the highest mortality and morbidity in South Africa (Mabuza, Titus and Adeniji, 2020). Cost of Injury (COI) studies are essential to estimate the burden of injuries and are good guides for policymaking, priority setting, and public health management. However, a few COI studies have been conducted in low- and middle-income countries, even though more than 85% of injuries and death happen in the developing world (Wijnen, 2021). South Africa is not an exception to the lack of sufficient studies to assess the socioeconomic impact of road traffic crashes. The lack of studies makes it difficult to assess the cost-effectiveness of prevention methods, resulting in a lack of comprehension of the problem's scope. Aim: This study aimed to comprehensively assess the economic burden of road traffic injuries in South Africa by incorporating both direct medical costs and indirect costs from a healthcare system perspective in the private sector. Methods: Employing a retrospective Cost of Illness (COI) approach, the study evaluated the direct medical costs of road traffic injuries among BestMed-insured patients involved in accidents during 2020 and 2021. Furthermore, Indirect costs, including productivity loss and long-term healthcare expenses, were estimated using data from previous studies. Detailed claims information was utilized to track patient treatment costs specifically related to the respective accidents. Results: The average medical direct cost for treating a single road traffic injury in the study cohort was R58 964 ($3211), equivalent to 588% of South Africa's health expenditure per capita and 50.7% of the average Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita. Incorporating indirect costs substantially increased the economic burden of RTIs. The average indirect cost per crash stood at R 196,699 ($11,015). Factors such as gender, comorbidities, complications, hospital stay duration, and Major Diagnostic Categories (MDCs) significantly influenced injury costs. Conclusion: South Africa's average cost of treating road traffic injuries is significantly higher than the country's healthcare expenditure per capita. Cost of Injury analyses, stratification of costs, and employing regression models with accurate cost data provides a better understanding of the overall economic burden of road traffic injuries in South Africa. Placing a financial value on the tangible and intangible losses attributed to road traffic crashes makes the need for immediate and far-reaching intervention clear to policymakers and decision-makers.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Agtergrond: Padverkeerbeserings (RTI's) is 'n wereldwye openbare gesondheidsprobleem, met sowat 1.3 miljoen sterftes per jaar. Volgens die Wereldgesondheidsorganisasie (2020) is padverkeerbeserings die tiende grootste oorsaak van dood in hoe-middelinkomstelande en vorm dit een van die vyf groot siektes en toestande met die hoogste sterftes en morbiditeit in Suid-Afrika (Mabuza, Titus en Adeniji, 2020). Koste van Besering (COI) studies is noodsaaklik om die las van beserings te skat en is goeie riglyne vir beleidvorming, prioriteitsbepaling, en openbare gesondheidsbestuur. Tog is daar min COIstudies in lae- en middelinkomstelande uitgevoer, alhoewel meer as 85% van die beserings en sterftes in die ontwikkelende wereld plaasvind (Wijnen, 2021). Suid-Afrika is nie 'n uitsondering op die gebrek aan voldoende studies om die sosio-ekonomiese impak van padverkeerongelukke te assesseer nie. Die gebrek aan studies maak dit moeilik om die koste-effektiwiteit van voorkomingsmetodes te beoordeel, wat lei tot 'n gebrek aan begrip van die omvang van die probleem. Doel: Hierdie studie het ten doel gehad om die ekonomiese las van padverkeerbeserings in Suid-Afrika omvattend te assesseer deur beide direkte mediese koste en indirekte koste vanuit 'n gesondheidsorgstelselperspektief in die privaat sektor in te sluit. Metodes: Deur 'n retrospektiewe Koste van Siekte (COI) benadering te gebruik, het die studie die direkte mediese koste van padverkeerbeserings onder BestMed versekerde pasiente wat betrokke was by ongelukke gedurende 2020 en 2021 geevalueer. Verder is indirekte koste, insluitende produktiwiteitsverlies en langtermyn-gesondheidsorguitgawes, geskat deur data van vorige studies te gebruik. Gedetailleerde eise-inligting is gebruik om pasientbehandelingskoste spesifiek in verband met die onderskeie ongelukke te volg. Resultate: Die gemiddelde direkte mediese koste vir die behandeling van 'n enkele padverkeerbesering in die studie-kohort was R58 964 ($3211), gelykstaande aan 588% van Suid-Afrika se gesondheidsuitgawe per capita en 50.7% van die gemiddelde Bruto Binnelandse Produk (BBP) per capita. Die insluiting van indirekte koste het die ekonomiese las van RTI's aansienlik verhoog. Die gemiddelde indirekte koste per ongeluk beloop R196,699 ($11,015). Faktore soos geslag, komorbiditeite, komplikasies, die duur van hospitaalverblyf, en Groot Diagnostiese Kategoriee (MDC's) het aansienlik die koste van beserings beinvloed. Gevolgtrekking: Die gemiddelde koste van die behandeling van padverkeerbeserings in Suid-Afrika is aansienlik hoer as die land se gesondheidsuitgawe per capita. Analise van die Koste van Besering, stratifikasie van koste, en die gebruik van regressiemodelle met akkurate koste data bied 'n beter begrip van die algehele ekonomiese las van padverkeerbeserings in Suid-Afrika. Die plaas van 'n finansiele waarde op die tasbare en ontasbare verliese wat aan padverkeerongelukke toegeskryf word, maak die behoefte aan onmiddellike en verreikende intervensie duidelik vir beleidmakers en besluitnemers.
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Thesis (MCom)--Stellenbosch University, 2024.
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