Grazing under irrigation affects N2O-emissions substantially in South Africa

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dc.contributor.authorSmit, Hendrik P. J.en_ZA
dc.contributor.authorReinsch, Thorstenen_ZA
dc.contributor.authorSwanepoel, Pieter A.en_ZA
dc.contributor.authorKluss, Christofen_ZA
dc.contributor.authorTaube, Friedhelmen_ZA
dc.date.accessioned2022-06-27T08:49:16Z
dc.date.available2022-06-27T08:49:16Z
dc.date.issued2020-08-29
dc.descriptionCITATION: Smit, H. P. J. et al. 2020. Grazing under irrigation affects N2O-emissions substantially in South Africa. Atmosphere, 11(9):925, doi:10.3390/atmos11090925.en_ZA
dc.descriptionThe original publication is available at https://www.mdpi.comen_ZA
dc.description.abstractFertilized agricultural soils serve as a primary source of anthropogenic N2O emissions. In South Africa, there is a paucity of data on N2O emissions from fertilized, irrigated dairy-pasture systems and emission factors (EF) associated with the amount of N applied. A first study aiming to quantify direct N2O emissions and associated EFs of intensive pasture-based dairy systems in sub-Sahara Africa was conducted in South Africa. Field trials were conducted to evaluate fertilizer rates (0, 220, 440, 660, and 880 kg N ha−1 year−1) on N2O emissions from irrigated kikuyu–perennial ryegrass (Pennisetum clandestinum–Lolium perenne) pastures. The static chamber method was used to collect weekly N2O samples for one year. The highest daily N2O fluxes occurred in spring (0.99 kg ha−1 day−1) and summer (1.52 kg ha−1 day−1). Accumulated N2O emissions ranged between 2.45 and 15.5 kg N2O-N ha−1 year−1 and EFs for mineral fertilizers applied had an average of 0.9%. Nitrogen in yielded herbage varied between 582 and 900 kg N ha−1. There was no positive effect on growth of pasture herbage from adding N at high rates. The relationship between N balance and annual N2O emissions was exponential, which indicated that excessive fertilization of N will add directly to N2O emissions from the pastures. Results from this study could update South Africa’s greenhouse gas inventory more accurately to facilitate Tier 3 estimates.en_ZA
dc.description.urihttps://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/11/9/925
dc.description.versionPublisher's versionen_ZA
dc.format.extent19 pages : illustrationsen_ZA
dc.identifier.citationSmit, H. P. J. et al. 2020. Grazing under irrigation affects N2O-emissions substantially in South Africa. Atmosphere, 11(9):925, doi:10.3390/atmos11090925.en_ZA
dc.identifier.issn2073-4433 (online)
dc.identifier.otherdoi:10.3390/atmos11090925
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/125412
dc.language.isoen_ZAen_ZA
dc.publisherMDPIen_ZA
dc.rights.holderAuthors retain copyrighten_ZA
dc.subjectIrrigation -- South Africaen_ZA
dc.subjectPastures -- Irrigationen_ZA
dc.subjectPasture and grazing managementen_ZA
dc.subjectEmissions in agricultural soilsen_ZA
dc.titleGrazing under irrigation affects N2O-emissions substantially in South Africaen_ZA
dc.typeArticleen_ZA
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