Is the even distribution of insecticide-treated cattle essential for tsetse control? Modelling the impact of baits in heterogeneous environments

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dc.contributor.authorTorr, Steve J.en_ZA
dc.contributor.authorVale, Glyn A.en_ZA
dc.date.accessioned2012-01-18T08:06:29Z
dc.date.available2012-01-18T08:06:29Z
dc.date.issued2011-10-18
dc.descriptionCITATION: Torr, S. J. & Vale, G. A. 2011. Is the even distribution of insecticide-treated cattle essential for tsetse control? Modelling the impact of baits in heterogeneous environments. PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, 5(10): e1360, doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0001360.
dc.descriptionThe original publication is available at http://journals.plos.org/plosntds
dc.description.abstractBackground Eliminating Rhodesian sleeping sickness, the zoonotic form of Human African Trypanosomiasis, can be achieved only through interventions against the vectors, species of tsetse (Glossina). The use of insecticide-treated cattle is the most cost-effective method of controlling tsetse but its impact might be compromised by the patchy distribution of livestock. A deterministic simulation model was used to analyse the effects of spatial heterogeneities in habitat and baits (insecticide-treated cattle and targets) on the distribution and abundance of tsetse. Methodology/Principal Findings The simulated area comprised an operational block extending 32 km from an area of good habitat from which tsetse might invade. Within the operational block, habitat comprised good areas mixed with poor ones where survival probabilities and population densities were lower. In good habitat, the natural daily mortalities of adults averaged 6.14% for males and 3.07% for females; the population grew 8.4× in a year following a 90% reduction in densities of adults and pupae, but expired when the population density of males was reduced to <0.1/km2; daily movement of adults averaged 249 m for males and 367 m for females. Baits were placed throughout the operational area, or patchily to simulate uneven distributions of cattle and targets. Gaps of 2–3 km between baits were inconsequential provided the average imposed mortality per km2 across the entire operational area was maintained. Leaving gaps 5–7 km wide inside an area where baits killed 10% per day delayed effective control by 4–11 years. Corrective measures that put a few baits within the gaps were more effective than deploying extra baits on the edges. Conclusions/Significance The uneven distribution of cattle within settled areas is unlikely to compromise the impact of insecticide-treated cattle on tsetse. However, where areas of >3 km wide are cattle-free then insecticide-treated targets should be deployed to compensate for the lack of cattle.
dc.description.urihttp://journals.plos.org/plosntds/article?id=10.1371/journal.pntd.0001360
dc.description.versionPublisher's version
dc.format.extent11 pages
dc.identifier.citationTorr, S. J. & Vale, G. A. 2011. Is the even distribution of insecticide-treated cattle essential for tsetse control? Modelling the impact of baits in heterogeneous environments. PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, 5(10): e1360, doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0001360.
dc.identifier.issn1935-2727 (online)
dc.identifier.otherdoi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0001360
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/19020
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherPublic Library of Science
dc.rights.holderAuthors retain copyright
dc.subjectTsetse-flies -- Controlen_ZA
dc.subjectGlossinaen_ZA
dc.subjectTsetse-fliesen_ZA
dc.subjectSleeping sicknessen_ZA
dc.subjectPest control baitsen_ZA
dc.titleIs the even distribution of insecticide-treated cattle essential for tsetse control? Modelling the impact of baits in heterogeneous environmentsen_ZA
dc.typeArticle
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