Roots and nodules response differently to P starvation in the mediterranean-type legume virgilia divaricata

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dc.contributor.authorStevens, Gary G.en_ZA
dc.contributor.authorPerez-Fernandez, Maria A.en_ZA
dc.contributor.authorMorcillo, Rafael J. L.en_ZA
dc.contributor.authorKleinert, Aleysiaen_ZA
dc.contributor.authorHills, Paulen_ZA
dc.contributor.authorBrand, D. Jacobusen_ZA
dc.contributor.authorSteenkamp, Emma T.en_ZA
dc.contributor.authorValentine, Alex J.en_ZA
dc.contributor.editorGarcia-Mina, Jose M.en_ZA
dc.date.accessioned2019-06-20T07:07:59Z
dc.date.available2019-06-20T07:07:59Z
dc.date.issued2019-02-05
dc.descriptionCITATION: Stevens, G. G., et al. 2019. Roots and nodules response differently to P starvation in the mediterranean-type legume virgilia divaricata. Frontiers in Plant Science, 10:73, doi:10.3389/fpls.2019.00073.en_ZA
dc.descriptionThe original publication is available at https://www.frontiersin.orgen_ZA
dc.descriptionPublication of this article was funded by the Stellenbosch University Open Access Fund.en_ZA
dc.description.abstractENGLISH ABSTRACT: Virgilia divaricata is a tree legume that grows in the Cape Floristic Region (CFA) in poor nutrient soils. A comparison between high and low phosphate growth conditions between roots and nodules was conducted and evaluated for the plants ability to cope under low phosphate stress conditions in V. divaricata. We proved that the plant copes with low phosphate stress through an increased allocation of resources, reliance on BNF and enhanced enzyme activity, especially PEPC. Nodules had a lower percentage decline in P compared to roots to uphold its metabolic functions. These strategies partly explain how V. divaricata can sustain growth despite LP conditions. Although the number of nodules declined with LP, their biomass remained unchanged in spite of a plant decline in dry weight. This is achieved via the high efficiency of BNF under P stress. During LP, nodules had a lower % decline at 34% compared to the roots at 88%. We attribute this behavior to P conservation strategies in LP nodules that imply an increase in a metabolic bypass that operates at the PEP branch point in glycolysis. The enhanced activities of nodule PEPC, MDH, and ME, whilst PK declines, suggests that under LP conditions an adenylate bypass was in operation either to synthesize more organic acids or to mediate pyruvate via a non-adenylate requiring metabolic route. Both possibilities represent a P-stress adaptation route and this is the first report of its kind for legume trees that are indigenous to low P, acid soils. Although BNF declined by a small percentage during LP, this P conservation was evident in the unchanged BNF efficiency per weight, and the increase in BNF efficiency per mol of P. It appears that legumes that are indigenous to acid soils, may be able to continue their reliance on BNF via increased allocation to nodules and also due to increase their efficiency for BNF on a P basis, owing to P-saving mechanisms such as the organic acid routes.en_ZA
dc.description.urihttps://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2019.00073/full
dc.description.versionPublisher's versionen_ZA
dc.format.extent14 pages : illustrationsen_ZA
dc.identifier.citationStevens, G. G., et al. 2019. Roots and nodules response differently to P starvation in the mediterranean-type legume virgilia divaricata. Frontiers in Plant Science, 10:73, doi:10.3389/fpls.2019.00073en_ZA
dc.identifier.issn1664-462X (online)
dc.identifier.otherdoi:10.3389/fpls.2019.00073
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/106280
dc.language.isoen_ZAen_ZA
dc.publisherFrontiers Mediaen_ZA
dc.rights.holderAuthors retain copyrighten_ZA
dc.subjectVirgilia divaricataen_ZA
dc.subjectPhosphate stressen_ZA
dc.subjectBiological nitrogen fixationen_ZA
dc.titleRoots and nodules response differently to P starvation in the mediterranean-type legume virgilia divaricataen_ZA
dc.typeArticleen_ZA
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