Which strategy saves the most energy for stratified water heaters?

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dc.contributor.authorRitchie, Michael J.en_ZA
dc.contributor.authorEngelbrecht, Jacobus A. A.en_ZA
dc.contributor.authorBooysen, M. J. (Thinus)en_ZA
dc.date.accessioned2021-12-23T07:25:58Z
dc.date.available2021-12-23T07:25:58Z
dc.date.issued2021
dc.descriptionCITATION: Ritchie, M. J., Engelbrecht, J. A. A. & Booysen, M. J. 2021. Which strategy saves the most energy for stratified water heaters? Energies, 14(16):4859, doi:10.3390/en14164859.
dc.descriptionThe original publication is available at https://www.mdpi.com
dc.description.abstractENGLISH ABSTRACT: The operation of water heating uses a substantial amount of energy and is responsible for 30% of a household’s overall electricity consumption. Determining methods of reducing energy demand is crucial for countries such as South Africa, where energy supply is almost exclusively electrical, 88% of it is generated by coal, and energy deficits cause frequent blackouts. Decreasing the energy consumption of tanked water heaters can be achieved by reducing the standing losses and thermal energy of the hot water used. In this paper, we evaluate various energy-saving strategies that have commonly been used and determine which strategy is best. These strategies include optimising the heating schedule, lowering the set-point temperature, reducing the volume of hot water used, and installing additional thermal insulation. The results show that the best strategy was providing optimal control of the heating element, and savings of 16.3% were achieved. This study also determined that the magnitude of energy savings is heavily dependent on a household’s water usage intensity and seasonality.en_ZA
dc.description.sponsorshipMTN South Africa Grant No. 003061
dc.description.sponsorshipWater Research Commission Grant number K1-7163
dc.description.sponsorshipEskom, Tertiary Education Support Programme
dc.description.urihttps://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/14/16/4859
dc.description.versionPublisher's version
dc.format.extent12 pagesen_ZA
dc.identifier.citationRitchie, M. J., Engelbrecht, J. A. A. & Booysen, M. J. 2021. Which strategy saves the most energy for stratified water heaters? Energies, 14(16):4859, doi:10.3390/en14164859.
dc.identifier.issn1996-1073 (online)
dc.identifier.otherdoi:10.3390/en14164859
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/124020
dc.language.isoen_ZAen_ZA
dc.publisherMDPIen_ZA
dc.rights.holderAuthors retain copyrighten_ZA
dc.subjectWater heatersen_ZA
dc.subjectElectric water heatersen_ZA
dc.subjectEnergy consumptionen_ZA
dc.subjectStratified water heatersen_ZA
dc.titleWhich strategy saves the most energy for stratified water heaters?en_ZA
dc.typeArticleen_ZA
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