Kleopatra VII in Egipte en Salome Aleksandra in Palestina : n kultuur-antropologiese studie van twee vroue uit die Hellenistiese tydvlak

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dc.contributor.advisorCook, Johannen_ZA
dc.contributor.authorRabie, Letitiaen_ZA
dc.contributor.otherStellenbosch University. Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences. Dept. of Ancient Studies.
dc.date.accessioned2012-08-27T11:37:17Z
dc.date.available2012-08-27T11:37:17Z
dc.date.issued1998
dc.descriptionTesis (M.A.) -- Universiteit van Stellenbosch, 1998.
dc.description.abstractENGLISH ABSTRACT: The Hellenistic age is regarded as one of the most important periods in world history. It commenced in 330 B.C. with Alexander the Great's successful expeditions to the countries of the ANE. After his death in 323 B.C., the Empire which he founded was subdivided between his successors, the Diadochi. The western part of the Empire went to Lysimachus and Cassander, and the eastern part to Seleucus. Egypt went to Ptolemy, who promptly annexed Palestine. With this move Ptolemy gained control of the eastern trade and caravan routes. These territories remained under Hellenistic rule for ±300 years until they became Roman Provinces towards the end of the first century B.C. As a result of the eastward expansion of Greece, the inhabitants of the ANE were exposed to Hellenistic influence. They came into close contact with the Greek way of life, thought and culture as well as the military expertise of their conquerors. The meeting which took place between the cultures of the East and the West resulted in a new phenomenon, namely Hellenism. This new culture had a profound impact on the development of the economy, religion and culture of Egypt and Palestine. The impact of Hellenism brought about significant changes in practically all facets of the people's lives in those two countries, which were dominated by the Hellenists. The changes were profound and became the basis of our Western civilization, especially in fhe fields of science, religion and culture. Certain modern historians differ from the traditional view emphasizing the cultural influence that Hellenism had on the peoples of the ANE and that the Greeks spread their culture to the countries of the ANE intentionally. They are of the opinion that Hellenism is badly misrepresented by traditional historians, who have been biased and one sided in their research. They claim that newly discovered papyri and artifacts enable them to take a holistic view of this very important period and accordingly their views differ from those of the traditionally accepted views of Hellenism. They are of the opinion that the traditional view was designed as moral justification for what was, in essence, a largescale economic and imperial exploitation of the countries of the ANE. · Cleopatra VII was the last Ptolemaic Queen of Egypt. She reigned for 19 years, from 51 B.C. until her death in 30 B.C., when the Romans took possession of Egypt. Salome Alexandra was the last Hasmonian Queen. She ruled her country for 9 years until her death in 67 B.C. Both queens had to cope with internal conflicts between certain factions as well as with international pressure, which they dealt with in an exemplary fashion. Both were exceptional and remarkable women who ruled their countries with insight, wisdom and diplomacy. They are badly misrepresented in literature as a result of their opponents' malicious propaganda. Cleopatra is remembered as the immoral and seductive eastern queen who beguiled the two most famous and powerful Roman generals, while Salome Alexandra is regarded as the lackey of the Pharisees. The resemblance of the Hellenistic world to our own world is overwhelming. In the modern world socio-economic circumstances, religious groupings, political manoeuvring, dissatisfaction, strikes and violence, bear a remarkable resemblance to similar situations in the Hellenistic period, especially in South Africa, where the transitional phase is causing fundamental changes and adjustments which bear interesting similarities to the impact of Hellenism in antiquity.en_ZA
dc.description.abstractAFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die Hellenistiese tydperk word beskou as die belangrikste tydperk in die geskiedenis van die wereld. Die tydperk het begin met Aleksander die Grote se suksesvolle ekspedisies na die lande van die ONO in 330 vC en die onderwerping van die oorwonne volke. Na die dood van Aleksander in 323 nC het sy opvolgers, die Diadoe, sy ryk verdeel. Ptolemeus het Egipte gekry en Seleukus het die oostelike deel insluitende Sirle gekry, terwyl die westelike deel na Lisimagus en Kassander gegaan het. Vir ±300 jaar het die Helleniste die lande regeer, totdat die Romeine gedurende die laaste deel van die 1ste eeu vC, beheer oor die gebied verkry het. Met die ooswaartse uitbreiding van die Grieke is 'n belangrike militere en politieke hoogtepunt bereik waardeur die lande van die ONO met Griekse invloede in aanraking gekom het. Daar het 'n ontmoeting tussen die kulture van die Ooste en die Weste plaasgevind wat van deurslaggewende belang vir die kulturele, ekonomiese en religieuse ontwikkeling van Egipte en Palestina was.'n Nuwe kultuur, nl. die Hellenisme,het uit die ontmoeting tussen die kulture van die Ooste en die Weste na vore getree. Die Hellenisme het aanmerklike veranderinge in feitlik alle lewensfasette van die mense van Egipte en Palestina te weeggebring, aangesien die Helleniste 'n dominante rel in die koninkryke gespeel het. Die Egiptenare sowel as die Jode is diep geraak deur die impak van die Hellenisme. Dit het 'n onuitwisbare invloed op hulle uitgeoefen en deur hulle op ens Westerse beskawing, bv. op die gebied van die wetenskap, religie en kultuur. Sommige moderne historici is van mening dat die kulturele erfenis van die Hellenisme 'n oorbeklemtoning van die aspek van die Hellenisme is en nie 'n geheelbeeld van die impak van die Hellenisme weergee nie. Sommige is bv. van mening dat die Hellenisme 'n grootskaalse eksploitasie van die volke van die ONO, terwille van ekonomiese voordeel, was. Hulle maak gebruik van nuutontdekte bronne in hulle holistiese ondersoek na die impak van die Hellenisme. Volgens hulle is die tradisionele aanvaarde mening van geskiedskrywers hoofsaaklik op eensydige, segmentariese ondersoeke, wat nie alle fasette van die impak ingesluit het nie, gebaseer. Gedurende die laaste deel van die derde eeu vC het Kleopatra VII in Egipte regeer en Salome Aleksandra in die Hasmoniese Ryk in Palestina. Albei het met komplekse situasies binnelands sowel as met buitelandse druk, te doen gehad. Hulle het met diplomasie, insig en wysheid opgetree terwille van die behoud van hulle koninkryke en in belang van hulle onderdane. Die tradisionele persepsie dat Kleopatra 'n wulpse verleidster was en Salome Aleksandra 'n lakei van die Fariseers, is gevolglik 'n valse en misleidende persepsie, gemeet aan hulle ware karakters en leierskap. Die ooreenkoms tussen die sosio-ekonomiese omstandighede, die religieuse groeperings, die politieke spanninge, ontevredenheid en opstande in die Hellenistiese tydperk, toon 'n merkwaardige ooreenkoms met toestande in die moderne wereld, veral in Suid Afrika, waar daar in die oorgangstadium van vandag ook veranderinge plaasvind wat met soortgelyke ontwikkelings en veranderinge in die antieke tyd, ooreenstem.af_ZA
dc.format.extent119 pages
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/55917
dc.language.isoaf_ZA
dc.publisherStellenbosch : Stellenbosch University
dc.rights.holderStellenbosch University
dc.subjectCleopatra, -- Queen of Egypt, -- d. 30 B.Cen_ZA
dc.subjectSalome Aleksandraen_ZA
dc.subjectHellenismen_ZA
dc.subjectEgypt -- History -- To 332 B.Cen_ZA
dc.subjectPalestine -- History -- To 70 A.Den_ZA
dc.subjectDissertations -- Ancient Near Eastern Studiesen_ZA
dc.subjectUCTDen_ZA
dc.titleKleopatra VII in Egipte en Salome Aleksandra in Palestina : n kultuur-antropologiese studie van twee vroue uit die Hellenistiese tydvlakaf_ZA
dc.typeThesis
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