A pathologic role for angiotensin II and endothelin-1 in cardiac remodelling and ischaemia and reperfusion injury in a rat model of the metabolic syndrome

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dc.contributor.advisorDu Toit, E. F.
dc.contributor.advisorMoolman, J. A.
dc.contributor.authorSmith, Wayneen_ZA
dc.contributor.otherUniversity of Stellenbosch. Faculty of Health Sciences. Dept. of Biomedical Sciences. Medical Physiology.
dc.date.accessioned2008-07-30T13:49:03Zen_ZA
dc.date.accessioned2010-06-01T08:48:55Z
dc.date.available2008-07-30T13:49:03Zen_ZA
dc.date.available2010-06-01T08:48:55Z
dc.date.issued2006-03en_ZA
dc.descriptionThesis (MScMedSc (Biomedical Sciences. Medical Physiology))--University of Stellenbosch, 2006.
dc.description.abstractIntroduction: Obesity, which is implicated in the development of the metabolic syndrome (MS) is reaching epidemic proportions worldwide. MS significantly increases the risk of developing cardiovascular disease, which includes coronary artery disease. The current absence of animal models of diet induced obesity and the MS makes the investigation of the cardiovascular consequences of MS virtually impossible. As a result the effects of the MS on cardiac function, morphology and susceptibility to ischaemia are not well understood. Aims: We set out to: 1) develop and characterize a rodent model of dietinduced obesity and the MS, 2) investigate the susceptibility of hearts from these animals to ischaemia/reperfusion induced injury and, 3) determine whether angiotensin II (Ang II) and endothelin-1 (ET-1) plays a role in cardiac remodelling and/or the severity of ischaemia and reperfusion injury in this model. Methods: Male Wistar rats were fed a standard rat chow diet or cafeteria diet (CD) for 16 weeks. After the feeding period rats were sacrificed and blood and myocardial tissue samples were collected to document biochemical changes in these animals. Hearts were perfused on the isolated working rat heart perfusion apparatus to assess myocardial mechanical function before and after ischaemia. In a separate series of experiments, hearts underwent coronary artery ligation to determine the incidence and duration of ventricular arrhythmias during ischaemia and reperfusion, using electrocardiography. To assess a possible link between myocardial remodelling and ischaemia/reperfusion injury and myocardial Ang II and ET-1 content, we also measured these peptides under basal conditions and during ischaemia. Two-dimensional targeted Mmode echocardiography was used to assess in vivo myocardial mechanical function in control and obese rats. Results: After 16 weeks on the CD, obese rats satisfied the World Health Organization (WHO) criteria for the MS by having visceral obesity, insulin resistance, dyslipidaemia and an elevated systolic blood pressure, compared to control rats. Circulating Ang II levels, but not ET-1 levels, were elevated in CD fed rats. Obese rats had cardiac hypertrophy and ex vivo basal myocardial mechanical function was depressed in the CD fed rat hearts compared to control rat hearts. CD fed rat hearts had poorer aortic output (AO) recoveries compared to hearts from control rats. These hearts also had a higher incidence and duration of reperfusion arrhythmias. No such functional differences were seen in the in vivo experiments. No differences in basal or ischaemic myocardial Ang II and ET-1 levels were seen in either group. Conclusion: We have developed and characterized a model of diet-induced obesity and the MS. Obesity is associated with cardiac hypertrophy and an increased myocardial susceptibility to ischaemia and reperfusion injury in our model. The hearts from obese rats were also more prone to reperfusion ventricular arrhythmias. As myocardial function was only poorer in the ex vivo obese animal experiments, our data suggests that the obesity associated changes in function observed in the ex vivo studies may be related to the absence of circulating substrates or factors, which are essential for their normal mechanical function.en_ZA
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/2446
dc.language.isoenen_ZA
dc.publisherStellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch
dc.rights.holderUniversity of Stellenbosch
dc.subjectMetabolic syndromeen
dc.subjectIschemiaen
dc.subjectReperfusion injuryen
dc.subjectAngiotensin IIen
dc.subjectEndothelinsen
dc.subjectObesityen
dc.subjectRats as laboratory animalsen
dc.subjectCardiovascular system -- Diseasesen
dc.subjectDissertations -- Medicineen
dc.subjectTheses -- Medicineen
dc.subjectDissertations -- Medical physiologyen
dc.subjectTheses -- Medical physiologyen
dc.titleA pathologic role for angiotensin II and endothelin-1 in cardiac remodelling and ischaemia and reperfusion injury in a rat model of the metabolic syndromeen_ZA
dc.typeThesisen_ZA
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