Viral hepatitis B and C in HIV-exposed South African infants

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dc.contributor.authorTchuem, Cynthia Tamandjouen_ZA
dc.contributor.authorCotton, Mark Fredricen_ZA
dc.contributor.authorNel, Etienneen_ZA
dc.contributor.authorTedder, Richarden_ZA
dc.contributor.authorPreiser, Wolfgangen_ZA
dc.contributor.authorViolari, Avyen_ZA
dc.contributor.authorBobat, Raziyaen_ZA
dc.contributor.authorHovind, Lauraen_ZA
dc.contributor.authorAaron, Lisaen_ZA
dc.contributor.authorMontepiedra, Graceen_ZA
dc.contributor.authorMitchell, Charlesen_ZA
dc.contributor.authorAndersson, Monique Ingriden_ZA
dc.date.accessioned2021-04-16T14:27:15Z
dc.date.available2021-04-16T14:27:15Z
dc.date.issued2020
dc.descriptionCITATION: Tchuem, C. T., et al. 2020. Viral hepatitis B and C in HIV-exposed South African infants, BMC Pediatrics, 20:563, doi:10.1186/s12887-020-02479-x.
dc.descriptionThe original publication is available at https://bmcpediatr.biomedcentral.com
dc.descriptionPublication of this article was funded by the Stellenbosch University Open Access Fund
dc.description.abstractBackground: Whilst much attention is given to eliminating HIV mother-to-child transmission (MTCT), little has been done to ensure the same for hepatitis B virus (HBV) transmission. The introduction of HBV immunization at six weeks of age has reduced HBV horizontal transmission in South Africa. However, in order to eliminate HBV MTCT, further interventions are needed. The risk of hepatitis C virus (HCV) MTCT in HIV-infected (HIV+) African women is not yet well described. This study aimed to determine the rate of HBV and HCV vertical transmission in HIV-exposed infants in South Africa. Methods: Serum samples from infants enrolled in an isoniazid prevention study (P1041) were screened for HBV and HCV serology markers; screening was performed on samples collected at approximately 60 weeks of age of the infants. HBV DNA was quantified in HBsAg positive samples and HBV strains characterized through gene sequencing. All HCV antibody samples with inconclusive results underwent molecular testing. Results: Three of 821 infants were positive for both HBsAg and HBV DNA. All HBV strains belonged to HBV subgenotype A1. The rtM204I mutation associated with lamivudine resistance was identified in one infant, a second infant harboured the double A1762T/G1764A BCP mutation. Phylogenetic analysis showed clustering between mother and infant viral genomic sequences. Twenty-one of 821 HIV-exposed infants tested had inconclusive HCV antibody results, none were HCV PCR positive. Conclusions: This study suggests that HBV vertical transmission is likely to be occurring in HIV-exposed infants in South Africa.. A more robust strategy of HBV prevention, including birth dose vaccination, is required to eradicate HBV MTCT. HCV infection was not detected.en_ZA
dc.description.urihttps://bmcpediatr.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12887-020-02479-x
dc.description.versionPublisher's version
dc.format.extent7 pagesen_ZA
dc.identifier.citationTchuem, C. T., et al. 2020. Viral hepatitis B and C in HIV-exposed South African infants, BMC Pediatrics, 20:563, doi:10.1186/s12887-020-02479-x
dc.identifier.issn1471-2431 (online)
dc.identifier.otherdoi:10.1186/s12887-020-02479-x
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/109779
dc.language.isoen_ZAen_ZA
dc.publisherBMC (part of Springer Nature)en_ZA
dc.rights.holderAuthors retain copyrighten_ZA
dc.subjectHepatitisen_ZA
dc.subjectHepatitis, Viralen_ZA
dc.subjectHIV (Viruses) infections -- Infantsen_ZA
dc.subjectSouth Africaen_ZA
dc.titleViral hepatitis B and C in HIV-exposed South African infantsen_ZA
dc.typeArticleen_ZA
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