Pharmaceutical and personal care products (PPCPs) as endocrine disrupting contaminants (EDCs) in South African surface waters

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dc.contributor.authorArcher, Edwarden_ZA
dc.contributor.authorWolfaardt, Gideon M.en_ZA
dc.contributor.authorVan Wyk, Johannes H.en_ZA
dc.date.accessioned2018-09-17T07:49:04Z
dc.date.available2018-09-17T07:49:04Z
dc.date.issued2017-10
dc.descriptionCITATION: Archer, E., Wolfaardt, G. M., Van Wyk, J. H. 2017. Pharmaceutical and personal care products (PPCPs) as endocrine disrupting contaminants (EDCs) in South African surface waters. Water SA, 43(4):684-706, doi:10.4314/wsa.v43i4.16.
dc.descriptionThe original publication is available at http://www.wrc.org.za
dc.description.abstractGlobally, water resources are under constant threat of being polluted by a diverse range of man-made chemicals, and South Africa is no exception. These contaminants can have detrimental effects on both human and wildlife health. It is increasingly evident that several chemicals may modulate endocrine system pathways in vertebrate species, and these are collectively referred to as endocrine disrupting contaminants (EDCs). Although the endocrine-disrupting effect of water pollutants has been mainly linked to agricultural pesticides and industrial effluents, other pollutants such as pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) are largely unnoticed, but also pose a potentially significant threat. Here we present for the first time in a South African context, a summarised list of PPCPs and other EDCs detected to date within South African water systems, as well as their possible endocrine-disrupting effect in-vitro and in-vivo. This review addresses other factors which should be investigated in future studies, including endocrine disruption, PPCP metabolites, environmental toxicology, and antibiotic resistance. The challenges of removing EDCs and other pollutants at South African wastewater treatment works (WWTWs) are also highlighted. The need for focused research involving both in-vitro and in-vivo studies to detect PPCPs in water systems, and to delineate adverse outcome pathways (AOPs) of priority PPCPs to aid in environmental impact assessment (EIA), are discussed.en_ZA
dc.description.versionPublisher's version
dc.format.extent23 pages
dc.identifier.citationArcher, E., Wolfaardt, G. M., Van Wyk, J. H. 2017. Pharmaceutical and personal care products (PPCPs) as endocrine disrupting contaminants (EDCs) in South African surface waters. Water SA, 43(4):684-706, doi:10.4314/wsa.v43i4.16.
dc.identifier.issn1816-7950 (online)
dc.identifier.otherdoi:10.4314/wsa.v43i4.16
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/104432
dc.language.isoen_ZAen_ZA
dc.publisherSouth African Water Research Commission
dc.rights.holderAuthors retain copyright
dc.subjectWater -- Pollution -- South Africaen_ZA
dc.subjectEndocrine disrupting chemicalsen_ZA
dc.subjectPharmaceuticals -- Environmental aspectsen_ZA
dc.subjectPersonal care products -- Environmental aspectsen_ZA
dc.titlePharmaceutical and personal care products (PPCPs) as endocrine disrupting contaminants (EDCs) in South African surface watersen_ZA
dc.typeArticleen_ZA
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