Replication of high fetal alcohol spectrum disorders prevalence rates, child characteristics, and maternal risk factors in a second sample of rural communities in South Africa

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dc.contributor.authorMay, Philip A.en_ZA
dc.contributor.authorDe Vries, Marlene M.en_ZA
dc.contributor.authorMarais, Anna-Susanen_ZA
dc.contributor.authorKalberg, Wendy O.en_ZA
dc.contributor.authorBuckley, Daviden_ZA
dc.contributor.authorAdnams, Colleen M.en_ZA
dc.contributor.authorHasken, Julie M.en_ZA
dc.contributor.authorTabachnick, Barbaraen_ZA
dc.contributor.authorRobinson, Luther K.en_ZA
dc.contributor.authorManning, Melanie A.en_ZA
dc.contributor.authorBezuidenhout, Heidreen_ZA
dc.contributor.authorAdam, Margaret P.en_ZA
dc.contributor.authorJones, Kenneth L.en_ZA
dc.contributor.authorSeedat, Sorayaen_ZA
dc.contributor.authorParry, Charles D. H.en_ZA
dc.contributor.authorHoyme, H. Eugeneen_ZA
dc.date.accessioned2018-01-23T08:10:32Z
dc.date.available2018-01-23T08:10:32Z
dc.date.issued2017
dc.descriptionCITATION: May, Philip A., et al. 2017. Replication of high fetal alcohol spectrum disorders prevalence rates, child characteristics, and maternal risk factors in a second sample of rural communities in South Africa. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 14(5):522, doi:10.3390/ijerph14050522.
dc.descriptionThe original publication is available at http://www.mdpi.com
dc.description.abstractBackground: Prevalence and characteristics of fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) and total fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD) were studied in a second sample of three South African rural communities to assess change. Methods: Active case ascertainment focused on children with height, weight and/or head circumference ≤25th centile and randomly-selected children. Final diagnoses were based on dysmorphology, neurobehavioral scores, and maternal risk interviews. Results: Cardinal facial features, head circumference, and total dysmorphology scores differentiated specific FASD diagnostic categories in a somewhat linear fashion but all FASD traits were significantly worse than those of randomly-selected controls. Neurodevelopmental delays were significantly worse for children with FASD than controls. Binge alcohol use was clearly documented as the proximal maternal risk factor for FASD, and significant distal risk factors were: low body mass, education, and income; high gravidity, parity, and age at birth of the index child. FAS rates continue to extremely high in these communities at 89–129 per 1000 children. Total FASD affect 196–276 per 1000 or 20–28% of the children in these communities. Conclusions: Very high rates of FASD persist in these general populations where regular, heavy drinking, often in a binge fashion, co-occurs with low socioeconomic conditions.en_ZA
dc.description.urihttp://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/14/5/522
dc.description.versionPublisher's version
dc.format.extent22 pages ; illustrations
dc.identifier.citationMay, Philip A., et al. 2017. Replication of high fetal alcohol spectrum disorders prevalence rates, child characteristics, and maternal risk factors in a second sample of rural communities in South Africa. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 14(5):522, doi:10.3390/ijerph14050522
dc.identifier.issn1660-4601 (online)
dc.identifier.issn1661-7827 (print)
dc.identifier.otherCITATION: May, Philip A., et al. 2017. Replication of high fetal alcohol spectrum disorders prevalence rates, child characteristics, and maternal risk factors in a second sample of rural communities in South Africa. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 14(5):522, doi:10.3390/ijerph14050522.
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/103076
dc.language.isoen_ZAen_ZA
dc.publisherMDPI
dc.rights.holderAuthors retain copyright
dc.subjectFetal alcohol spectrum disorders -- Incidence -- South Africaen_ZA
dc.subjectMicrocephaly -- South Africaen_ZA
dc.subjectPregnant women -- Alcohol use -- Risk factorsen_ZA
dc.subjectChildren with disabilities -- South Africaen_ZA
dc.titleReplication of high fetal alcohol spectrum disorders prevalence rates, child characteristics, and maternal risk factors in a second sample of rural communities in South Africaen_ZA
dc.typeArticleen_ZA
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