Lamivudine monotherapy as a holding regimen for HIV-positive children

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dc.contributor.authorPatten, Gabrielaen_ZA
dc.contributor.authorBernheime, Jonathanen_ZA
dc.contributor.authorFairlie, Leeen_ZA
dc.contributor.authorRabie, Helenaen_ZA
dc.contributor.authorSawry, Shobnaen_ZA
dc.contributor.authorTechnau, Karlen_ZA
dc.contributor.authorEley, Brianen_ZA
dc.contributor.authorDavies, Mary-Annen_ZA
dc.date.accessioned2020-05-26T15:22:55Z
dc.date.available2020-05-26T15:22:55Z
dc.date.issued2018-10-11
dc.descriptionCITATION: Patten, G., et al. 2018. Lamivudine monotherapy as a holding regimen for HIV-positive children. PLoS ONE, 13(10):e0205455, doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0205455.
dc.descriptionThe original publication is available at https://journals.plos.org/plosone/
dc.description.abstractBackground: In resource-limited settings holding regimens, such as lamivudine monotherapy (LM), are used to manage HIV-positive children failing combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) to mitigate the risk of drug resistance developing, whilst adherence barriers are addressed or when access to second- or third-line regimens is restricted. We aimed to investigate characteristics of children placed on LM and their outcomes. Methods: We describe the characteristics of children (age <16 years at cART start) from 5 IeDEA-SA cohorts with a record of LM during their treatment history. Among those on LM for >90 days we describe their immunologic outcomes on LM and their immunologic and virologic outcomes after resuming cART. Findings: We included 228 children in our study. At LM start their median age was 12.0 years (IQR 7.3–14.6), duration on cART was 3.6 years (IQR 2.0–5.9) and median CD4 count was 605.5 cells/μL (IQR 427–901). Whilst 110 (48%) had no prior protease inhibitor (PI)-exposure, of the 69 with recorded PI-exposure, 9 (13%) patients had documented resistance to all PIs. After 6 months on LM, 70% (94/135) experienced a drop in CD4, with a predicted average CD4 decline of 46.5 cells/μL (95% CI 37.7–55.4). Whilst on LM, 46% experienced a drop in CD4 to <500 cells/μL, 18 (8%) experienced WHO stage 3 or 4 events, and 3 children died. On resumption of cART the average gain in CD4 was 15.65 cells/uL per month and 66.6% (95% CI 59.3–73.7) achieved viral suppression (viral load <1000) at 6 months after resuming cART. Interpretation: Most patients experienced immune decline on LM. Its use should be avoided in those with low CD4 counts, but restricted use may be necessary when treatment options are limited. Managing children with virologic failure will continue to be challenging until more treatment options and better adherence strategies are available.en_ZA
dc.description.urihttps://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0205455
dc.description.versionPublisher's version
dc.format.extent12 pagesen_ZA
dc.identifier.citationPatten, G., et al. 2018. Lamivudine monotherapy as a holding regimen for HIV-positive children. PLoS ONE, 13(10):e0205455, doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0205455
dc.identifier.issn1932-6203 (online)
dc.identifier.issndoi:10.1371/journal.pone.0205455
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/108607
dc.language.isoen_ZAen_ZA
dc.publisherPublic Library of Scienceen_ZA
dc.rights.holderAuthors retain copyrighten_ZA
dc.subjectHIV-positive childrenen_ZA
dc.subjectDrug therapy, Combinationen_ZA
dc.subjectAntiretroviral agentsen_ZA
dc.subjectDrug resistanceen_ZA
dc.subjectLamivudine monotherapyen_ZA
dc.titleLamivudine monotherapy as a holding regimen for HIV-positive childrenen_ZA
dc.typeArticleen_ZA
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