Balancing the need for biodiversity protection and city development in a context of growing socio-economic inequality in Cape Town

Date
2024-03
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University
Abstract
ENGLISH SUMMARY: Cape Town is facing rapid urbanisation fuelled by rural-urban migrations and shaped by growing socio-economic inequality associated with the legacy of apartheid. People moving into cities in search of better opportunities end up living in informal settlements on the periphery of urban centres. Yet, much of these informal settlements are established on fragile ecosystems earmarked for biodiversity protection, and thus threaten biodiversity protection efforts. As a result, it has become extremely challenging to balance the developmental needs of the city with biodiversity protection efforts. My research explores how can Cape Town manage biodiversity protection in a context of expanding informal settlements? To gain insight into this challenge, I anchor my investigation in social-ecological systems and draw on academic literature that has explored informal settlements, othering, and conflicting rationalities. I follow a qualitative approach and adopt a constructivist grounded theory methodology to gain insights both into the lived reality of people living in informal settlements, and the experience and approaches of Cape Town City officials at the coalface of this issue. I collect data using semi-structured interviews from ten participants living in Rivergate Informal Settlement and seven City of Cape Town officials from Urban Planning and Design (District Planning & Mechanisms and Metropolitan Spatial Planning & City Growth Management Branches) and Environmental Management (Biodiversity Management Branch). My study shows that the relationship between people living in informal settlements and protected areas is complex and the City’s response exacerbates tensions and a feeling of hopelessness. People living in informal settlements are driven to live there by desperate circumstances and the need to survive. They generally care about nature and are willing to work towards solutions, but feel unseen, unheard, and unconsidered in the decisions made by the City. The City of Cape Town officials tend to recognise their lack of adequate engagement with informal settlement communities and the need to work differently on urban development issues. My findings suggest that adopting a socio-ecological systems approach combined with participatory stakeholder engagement can help balance the developmental needs of the city with biodiversity protection efforts. My study recommends that stakeholder engagement should be deliberate and collaborative in the quest for establishing priorities and strategies for urban planning considerations. People affected by the decisions made should be part of the process and agree on problems to solve in order to learn and co-evolve together. My study recommends that municipal leadership should take heed to the call for integrated thinking in urban planning as to avoid crossing irremediable ecological thresholds.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Kaapstad staar vinnige verstedeliking in die gesig, aangevuur deur landelik-stedelike migrasies en gevorm deur groeiende sosio-ekonomiese ongelykheid wat verband hou met die nalatenskap van apartheid. Mense wat na stede verhuis op soek na beter geleenthede, woon uiteindelik in informele nedersettings aan die periferie van stedelike sentrums. Tog is baie van hierdie informele nedersettings gevestig op brose ekosisteme wat vir biodiversiteitsbeskerming geoormerk is, en bedreig dus biodiversiteitsbeskermingspogings. As gevolg hiervan het dit uiters uitdagend geword om die ontwikkelingsbehoeftes van die stad te balanseer met pogings tot die beskerming van biodiversiteit. My navorsing ondersoek hoe Kaapstad biodiversiteitsbeskerming kan bestuur in 'n konteks van die uitbreiding van informele nedersettings? Om insig in hierdie uitdaging te verkry, anker ek my ondersoek in sosiaal-ekologiese stelsels en maak gebruik van akademiese literatuur wat informele nedersettings, ander en botsende rasionaliteite ondersoek het. Ek volg 'n kwalitatiewe benadering en volg 'n konstruktivistiese gegronde teoriemetodologie om insig te verkry in die geleefde werklikheid van mense wat in informele nedersettings woon, die ervaring en benaderings van amptenare van Kaapstad City by die samevoeging van hierdie kwessie.Ek versamel data met behulp van semi-gestruktureerde onderhoude van tien deelnemers wat in Rivergate Informele Nedersetting woon, en sewe stadsamptenare van Stedelike Beplanning en Ontwerp (Distriksbeplanning en -meganismes en Metropolitaanse Ruimtelike Beplanning & Stadsgroeibestuurstakke) en Omgewingsbestuur (Biodiversiteitsbestuurstak). My studie toon dat die verhouding tussen mense wat in informele nedersettings en beskermde gebiede woon kompleks is en die Stad se reaksie vererger spanning en 'n gevoel van hopeloosheid. Mense wat in informele nedersettings woon, word gedryf om daar te woon deur desperate omstandighede en die behoefte om te oorleef. Hulle gee oor die algemeen om vir die natuur en is bereid om na oplossings te werk, maar voel ongesiens, ongehoord en ondeurdag in die besluite wat deur die Stad geneem word. Die Stad Kaapstad-amptenare is geneig om hul gebrek aan voldoende betrokkenheid by informele nedersettingsgemeenskappe te erken en die behoefte om anders te werk aan stedelike ontwikkelingskwessies. My bevindinge dui daarop dat die aanvaarding van 'n sosio-ekologiese stelselbenadering gekombineer met deelnemende betrokkenheid van belanghebbendes kan help om die ontwikkelingsbehoeftes van die stad te balanseer met biodiversiteitsbeskermingspogings. My studie beveel aan dat betrokkenheid van belanghebbendes doelbewus en samewerkend moet wees in die soeke na die vestiging van prioriteite en strategiee vir stedelike beplanningsoorwegings. Mense wat geraak word deur die besluite wat geneem word, moet deel wees van die proses en saamstem oor probleme om op te los om saam te leer en saam te ontwikkel. My studie beveel aan dat munisipale leierskap moet ag slaan op die oproep tot geintegreerde denke in stedelike beplanning om te verhoed dat onherstelbare ekologiese drempels oorgesteek word.
Description
Thesis (MPhil)--Stellenbosch University, 2024.
Keywords
Biodiversity, Protected Areas, Informal Settlements, Social Ecological Systems, Conflicting Rationalities, Othering, Dialogic Spaces
Citation