The role of social workers regarding services to older persons in residential care facilities

Date
2024-03
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Publisher
Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University
Abstract
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Many countries, including South Africa, are experiencing "population ageing", which means an increase in life expectancy. Therefore by 2030, it is predicted that South Africa will have about fifteen million older persons, thus an increase in need for care, particularly, residential care. Moreover, pandemics such as COVID-19 have highlighted the importance of the need for care of this vulnerable population. Thus, more social workers are needed in South African residential care facilities serving older persons. However, few studies have been conducted regarding the role of social workers with older persons residing in residential care facilities in South Africa. The research study therefore aimed to investigate the views of social workers regarding their role in service rendering to older persons in residential care facilities. A qualitative approach in conjunction with an exploratory and descriptive research design, was used. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 19 participants, including the two pilot participants from the pilot study. The first chapter of the study presented the introduction which discussed the preliminary rationale, problem statement, research question, objectives, theoretical point of departure and the research methodology of the study. The study also presented two chapters on the review of the literature. The second chapter delved into policy and legislation related to the needs and circumstances of older persons in residential care facilities from an ecological perspective. The third chapter explored the provision of social work services for older persons in residential care facilities. An empirical study based on data collected from participants confirmed that older persons in residential care facilities have physiological, safety, love and belonging, esteem, and self-actualisation needs. However, some of these needs are not sufficiently met due to reasons such as limited funding for residential care facilities and the insufficiency of the older person’s grant. The study also highlighted the important contributions made by social workers, who work at micro, meso and macro levels to address the needs of older persons in residential care facilities. Despite their commendable efforts, social workers face many obstacles, such as a shortage of social workers, limited funding, and substantial administrative duties. Finally, a conclusions and recommendations chapter was presented which indicates that more funding is needed to support residential care facilities and older persons, ensuring their basic needs are met. It is advised that more social workers and social auxiliary workers are hired in residential care facilities to lessen the workload on social workers and enable them to better serve the needs of older persons and their families. There is also a need to prioritise group work services and mental healthcare services for older persons in residential care facilities. Equally important is the need for more opportunities for older persons residing in residential care facilities to interact with society in order to give them a sense of meaning and purpose in their lives.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Baie lande, insluitend Suid-Afrika, ervaar "bevolkingsveroudering", wat 'n toename in lewensverwagting beteken. Daarom word daar teen 2030 voorspel dat Suid-Afrika ongeveer vyftien miljoen ouer persone sal hê, dus 'n toename in behoefte aan sorg, veral residensiële sorg. Boonop het pandemies soos COVID-19 beklemtoon hoe belangrik dit is om na hierdie brose bevolking se behoeftes om te sien. Gevolglik sal daar ‘n toename in die behoefte aan maatskaplike werkers in Suid-Afrikaanse residensiële sorgfasiliteite wees wie ouer persone bedien. Min studies is egter nog gedoen oor die rol van maatskaplike werkers rakende ouer persone wat in residensiële sorgfasiliteite in Suid-Afrika woonagtig is. Die navorsingstudie het dus ten doel gehad om die sienings van maatskaplike werkers rakende hul rol in dienslewering aan ouer persone in residensiële sorgfasiliteite, te ondersoek. 'n Kwalitatiewe benadering te same met ‘n verkennende en beskrywende navorsingsontwerp is gebruik. Semi-gestruktureerde onderhoude is met 19 deelnemers gevoer, insluitend die twee loodsdeelnemers van die loodsstudie. Die eerste hoofstuk van die studie het die inleiding aangebied wat die voorlopige rasionaal, probleemstelling, navorsingsvraag, doelwitte, teoretiese uitgangspunt en die navorsingsmetodologie van die studie bespreek het. Die studie het ook twee hoofstukke oor die hersiening van literatuur aangebied. Die tweede hoofstuk het gedelf in beleid en wetgewing wat verband hou met die behoeftes en omstandighede van ouer persone in residensiële sorgfasiliteite, vanuit ‘n ekologiese perspektief. Die derde hoofstuk het die verskaffing van maatskaplike werk dienste vir ouer persone in residensiële sorgfasiliteite ondersoek. ‘n Empiriese studie gebaseer op die data wat van deelnemers ingesamel is, het bevestig dat ouer persone in residensiële sorgfasiliteite fisiologiese, veiligheids-, liefdes-, behoort-, agtings- en selfaktualiseringsbehoeftes het. Sommige van hierdie behoeftes word egter nie voldoende bevredig nie weens redes soos, beperkte befondsing vir residensiële sorgfasiliteite en die gebrek in staatstoelae aan ‘n ouer persoon. Die studie het ook die belangrike bydraes van maatskaplike werkers uitgelig wat op mikro-, meso- en makrovlak werk om die behoeftes van ouer persone in residensiële sorgfasiliteite aan te spreek. Ten spyte van hul prysenswaardige pogings, staar maatskaplike werkers baie struikelblokke in die gesig, soos die tekort aan maatskaplike werkers, beperkte befondsing en aansienlike administratiewe pligte. Laastens is ‘n hoofstuk oor gevolgtrekkings en aanbevelings aangebied, wat daarop dui dat meer befondsing nodig is om residensiële sorgfasiliteite en ouer persone te ondersteun en om te verseker dat daar aan hul basiese behoeftes voldoen word. Daar word aanbeveel dat meer maatskaplike werkers en maatskaplike hulpwerkers aangestel word om die werkslading van maatskaplike werkers te verminder en hulle in staat te stel om beter na die behoeftes van ouer persone en hulle families om te sien. Daar is ook ‘n behoefte om groepwerkdienste en geestesgesondheidsdienste vir ouer persone in residensiële sorgfasiliteite te prioritiseer. Net so belangrik is die behoefte aan meer geleenthede vir ouer persone wat in residensiële sorgfasiliteite woon om interaksie met die samelewing te kan geniet, ten einde om hulle steeds ‘n gevoel van betekenis en ‘n doel in hulle lewens te bied.
Description
Thesis (MA)--Stellenbosch University, 2024.
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