Combined evaluation of sexually transmitted infections in HIV-infected pregnant women and infant HIV transmission

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dc.contributor.authorAdachi, Kristinaen_ZA
dc.contributor.authorXu, Jiahongen_ZA
dc.contributor.authorYeganeh, Navaen_ZA
dc.contributor.authorCamarca, Margareten_ZA
dc.contributor.authorMorgado, Mariza G.en_ZA
dc.contributor.authorWatts, D. Heatheren_ZA
dc.contributor.authorMofenson, Lynne M.en_ZA
dc.contributor.authorVeloso, Valdilea G.en_ZA
dc.contributor.authorPilotto, Jose Henriqueen_ZA
dc.contributor.authorJoao, Esauen_ZA
dc.contributor.authorGray, Glendaen_ZA
dc.contributor.authorTheron, Gerharden_ZA
dc.contributor.authorSantos, Brenoen_ZA
dc.contributor.authorFonseca, Rosanaen_ZA
dc.contributor.authorKreitchmann, Regisen_ZA
dc.contributor.authorPinto, Jorgeen_ZA
dc.contributor.authorMussi-Pinhata, Marisa M.af_ZA
dc.contributor.authorCeriotto, Marianaen_ZA
dc.contributor.authorMachado, Daisy Mariaen_ZA
dc.contributor.authorBryson, Yvonne J.en_ZA
dc.contributor.authorGrinsztejn, Beatrizen_ZA
dc.contributor.authorMoye, Jacken_ZA
dc.contributor.authorKlausner, Jeffrey D.en_ZA
dc.contributor.authorBristow, Claire C.en_ZA
dc.contributor.authorDickover, Ruthen_ZA
dc.contributor.authorMirochnick, Marken_ZA
dc.contributor.authorNielsen, Karinen_ZA
dc.date.accessioned2019-09-30T13:46:38Z
dc.date.available2019-09-30T13:46:38Z
dc.date.issued2018-01-05
dc.descriptionCITATION: Adachi, K. et al. 2018. Combined evaluation of sexually transmitted infections in HIV-infected pregnant women and infant HIV transmission. PLoS ONE,13(1):e0189851, doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0189851.
dc.descriptionThe original publication is available at https://journals.plos.org/plosone
dc.description.abstractBackground: Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) including Chlamydia trachomatis (CT), Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG), Treponema pallidum (TP), and cytomegalovirus (CMV) may lead to adverse pregnancy and infant outcomes. The role of combined maternal STIs in HIV mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) was evaluated in mother-infant pairs from NICHD HPTN 040. Methodology: Urine samples from HIV-infected pregnant women during labor were tested by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for CT, NG, and CMV. Infant HIV infection was determined by serial HIV DNA PCR testing. Maternal syphilis was tested by VDRL and confirmatory treponemal antibodies. Results: A total of 899 mother-infant pairs were evaluated. Over 30% had at least one of the following infections (TP, CT, NG, and/or CMV) detected at the time of delivery. High rates of TP (8.7%), CT (17.8%), NG (4%), and CMV (6.3%) were observed. HIV MTCT was 9.1% (n = 82 infants). HIV MTCT was 12.5%, 10.3%, 11.1%, and 26.3% among infants born to women with CT, TP, NG or CMV respectively. Forty-two percent of HIV-infected infants were born to women with at least one of these 4 infections. Women with these infections were nearly twice as likely to have an HIV-infected infant (aOR 1.9, 95% CI 1.1–3.0), particularly those with 2 STIs (aOR 3.4, 95% CI 1.5–7.7). Individually, maternal CMV (aOR 4.4 1.5–13.0) and infant congenital CMV (OR 4.1, 95% CI 2.2–7.8) but not other STIs (TP, CT, or NG) were associated with an increased risk of HIV MTCT. Conclusion: HIV-infected pregnant women identified during labor are at high risk for STIs. Co-infection with STIs including CMV nearly doubles HIV MTCT risk. CMV infection appears to confer the largest risk of HIV MTCT.en_ZA
dc.description.urihttps://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0189851
dc.description.versionPublisher's version
dc.format.extent18 pages
dc.identifier.citationAdachi, K. et al. 2018. Combined evaluation of sexually transmitted infections in HIV-infected pregnant women and infant HIV transmission. PLoS ONE,13(1):e0189851, doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0189851.
dc.identifier.issn1932-6203 (online)
dc.identifier.otherdoi:10.1371/journal.pone.0189851
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/106543
dc.language.isoen_ZAen_ZA
dc.publisherPLOS
dc.rights.holderAuthors retain copyright
dc.subjectSexually transmitted diseasesen_ZA
dc.subjectHIV infectionsen_ZA
dc.subjectPregnant womenen_ZA
dc.titleCombined evaluation of sexually transmitted infections in HIV-infected pregnant women and infant HIV transmissionen_ZA
dc.typeArticleen_ZA
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