White matter microstructural integrity and neurobehavioral outcome of HIV-exposed uninfected neonates

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dc.contributor.authorTran, Linh T.en_ZA
dc.contributor.authorRoos, Annerineen_ZA
dc.contributor.authorFouche, Jean-Paulen_ZA
dc.contributor.authorKoen, Nastassjaen_ZA
dc.contributor.authorWoods, Roger P.en_ZA
dc.contributor.authorZar, Heather J.en_ZA
dc.contributor.authorNarr, Katherine L.en_ZA
dc.contributor.authorStein, Dan J.en_ZA
dc.contributor.authorDonald, Kirsten A.en_ZA
dc.date.accessioned2017-07-18T06:46:55Z
dc.date.available2017-07-18T06:46:55Z
dc.date.issued2016-01
dc.descriptionCITATION: Tran, L. T. et al. 2016. White matter microstructural integrity and neurobehavioral outcome of HIV-exposed uninfected neonates. Medicine, 95(4):e2577, doi:10.1097/MD.0000000000002577.
dc.descriptionThe original publication is available at http://journals.lww.com/md-journal
dc.description.abstractThe successful implementation of prevention programs for mother-to-child human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmission has dramatically reduced the prevalence of infants infected with HIV while increasing that of HIV-exposed uninfected (HEU) children. Neuropsychological assessments indicate that HEU children may exhibit differences in neurodevelopment compared to unexposed children (HUU). Pathological mechanisms leading to such neurodevelopmental delays are not clear. In this observational birth cohort study we explored the integrity of regional white matter microstructure in HEU infants, shortly after birth. Microstructural changes in white matter associated with prenatal HIV exposure were evaluated in HEU infants (n = 15) and matched controls (n = 22) using diffusion tensor imaging and tract-based spatial statistics. Additionally, diffusion values were extracted and compared for white matter tracts of interest, and associations with clinical outcomes from the Dubowitz neonatal neurobehavioral tool were investigated. Higher fractional anisotropy in the middle cerebellar peduncles of HEU compared to HUU neonates was found after correction for age and gender. Scores on the Dubowitz abnormal neurological signs subscale were positively correlated with FA (r = 0.58, P = 0.038) in the left uncinate fasciculus in HEU infants. This is the first study to present data suggesting that prenatal HIV exposure without infection is associated with altered white matter microstructural integrity in the neonatal period. Longitudinal studies of HEU infants as their brains mature are necessary to understand further the significance of prenatal HIV and antiretroviral treatment exposure on white matter integrity and neurodevelopmental outcomes.en_ZA
dc.description.urihttp://journals.lww.com/md-journal/Fulltext/2016/01250/White_Matter_Microstructural_Integrity_and.28.aspx
dc.description.versionPublisher's version
dc.format.extent7 pages
dc.identifier.citationTran, L. T. et al. 2016. White matter microstructural integrity and neurobehavioral outcome of HIV-exposed uninfected neonates. Medicine, 95(4):e2577, doi:10.1097/MD.0000000000002577.
dc.identifier.issn0025-7974 (online)
dc.identifier.otherdoi:10.1097/MD.0000000000002577
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/101987
dc.language.isoen_ZAen_ZA
dc.publisherWolters Kluwer Health
dc.rights.holderAuthors retain copyright
dc.subjectHIV infectionsen_ZA
dc.subjectHIV infections -- Transmissionen_ZA
dc.subjectAIDS (Disease) in infantsen_ZA
dc.subjectHIV infections -- Preventionen_ZA
dc.subjectDevelopmental neurobiologyen_ZA
dc.titleWhite matter microstructural integrity and neurobehavioral outcome of HIV-exposed uninfected neonatesen_ZA
dc.typeArticleen_ZA
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