Die ervaring van vier adolessente met kogliere inplantings

Date
2011-12
Authors
Du Toit, Susan
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University
Abstract
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Cochlear implantation is a surgical procedure, where an electronic device is implanted into the inner ear to give people, with severe to profound hearing loss, access to sound and the spoken word. In spite of a wealth of international research, local studies on cochlear implants, and more specifically research concerning the experience of adolescents with the device, are limited. Adolescence, as a development stage, is also a very difficult phase, which is marked as a crisis period in the developement process towards maturity, as well as a continued selfconsciousness and worry about how others perceive them. It may therefore be deduced that the use of the cochlear implants could cause this to be an intense experience during this developmental phase and that served as motivation to conduct my research specifically on adolescents. This generic qualitative study had a dual purpose: Firstly it endeavoured, through explorative and descriptive research, to determine the experience of adolescents with cochlear implants in school and also in other social circumstances. That sparked off a better understanding and insight, concerning the experience of adolescents with these devices. Secondly, the purpose of this study was to enquire into and describe the experience of adolescents with their support systems. This in turn lead to the identification of support systems, but also the lack of such systems in the personal-, social- and learning environment. An interpretative qualitative study was designed to explain the experience of adolescents with cochlear implants. The Bronfenbrenner Bioecological Model of human development was used as framework to discuss the complex experience of adolescents with cochlear implants. The Asset based approach, as well as Outcomes of well-being founded on the principles of Positive Psychology, was also used as theoretical and conceptual framework to explain existing assets, support systems and management strategies. Four adolescents with cochlear implants and their parents took part in the the study. In-depth data was generated through alternative methods of interviewing, which were adjusted according to the unique requirements of each participant as well as the level of their loss of hearing. Interactive activities, that targeted the interest of participants, were adapted to their language ability and visually interactive were also used. Interviews were constantly supported by thorough field notes. Raw data was then transcribed and processed by using the constant comparative method. The themes, that were constructed from these, seem to indicate that the experieces of these adolescents are unique and are influenced by several intrapersonal and external factors. The exploration of these factors revealed the following: • Adolescents with cochlear implants sometimes experience social exclusion at school as well as amongst their friends. • Various obstacles lead up to social exclusion: Firstly, adolescents with cochlear implants are not able to follow group conversations and background interference further hampers their limited hearing. Secondly, they experience a lack of effort from their peers and teachers to include them in conversations, because the latter have a wrong perception that cochlear implants restore deaf people's hearing 100%. • Participants often experience powerlessness concerning their deafness and are selfconscious due to the visibility of the cochlear implant. • Scholastic advancement is further hampered by the ignorence of teachers, concerning the needs of learners with cochlear implants, and also due to language impairments caused by their deafness. • Personal strengths, like a positive outlook, assertiveness and perseverance, along with coping strategies, like extreme effort and mediation by parents at school, for their adolescents with cochlear implants, improve the resilience of this group to handle the above mentioned obstacles. • Other children with cochlear implants, the families of participants and school are considered to be the primary support systems. Suggestions, concerning the development and improvement of the support systems of adolescents with cochlear implants, were made on the basis of the data results. Due to the limited range of this study, further research suggestions have been made, that are supported by the knowledge gained in this study about the experience of adolescents with cochlear implants.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Kogleêre inplantering is 'n chirurgiese metode, waar 'n elektroniese toestel in die binneoor inplanteer word om mense met erge tot uitermatige gehoorverlies, toegang tot klanke en gesproke taal te gee. Ten spyte van 'n rykdom internasionale navorsing, is nasionale studies oor kogleêre inplantings, en meer spesifiek rakende adolessente se ervaring daarmee, beperk. Adolessensie, as ontwikkelingstadium, is ook 'n moeilike fase wat gekenmerk word as 'n krisistydperk in die ontwikkelingsproses tot volwassenheid, asook volgehoue selfbewussyn en kommer oor hoe ander hul ervaar. Die afleiding is dus dat die gebruik van kogleêre inplantings tydens hierdie ontwikkelingsfase, aanleiding kan gee tot 'n intense belewing daarvan en het dit daarom ook as motivering gedien om my ondersoek spesifiek op adolessente te rig. Die doel van hierdie generies kwalitatiewe studie was tweeledig: Eerstens het dit gepoog om, deur verkennende en beskrywende navorsing, die ervaring van vier adolessente met kogleêre inplantings in die skool, en ander sosiale hoedanighede, te bepaal. Dít het aanleiding gegee tot 'n ruimer begrip en insig aangaande adolessente se belewing met hierdie apparate. Tweedens het die studie ten doel gehad om die adolessente se belewing van hul ondersteuningsisteme te ondersoek en te beskryf. Dit het voorts gelei tot die identifisering van ondersteuningsisteme, maar ook die leemtes daarvan in hul persoonlike-, sosiale- en leeromgewing. 'n Interpretivistiese, kwalitatiewe studie is ontwerp om die ervarings van adolessente met kogleêre inplantings te verduidelik. Bronfenbrenner se Bioekologiese Model van menslike ontwikkeling is as raamwerk gebruik om die kompleksiteit van adolessente met kogleêre inplantings se ervaring te bespreek. Die Bategebaseerde benadering, sowel as Uitkomste van welwees ("well-being") wat berus op die beginsels van die Positiewe Sielkunde, is verder as teoretiese en konseptuele raamwerk gebruik om bestaande bates, ondersteuningsisteme en hanteringstrategieë te verduidelik. Vier adolessente met kogleêre inplantings en hul ouers het aan die studie deelgeneem. Data is genereer deur alternatiewe metodes van onderhoudsvoering, wat aangepas is volgens elke deelnemer se unieke behoeftes en verskillende grade van gehoorverlies. Daar is ook gebruik gemaak van interaktiewe aktiwiteite, wat op deelnemers se belangstellings gerig was, volgens hul taalbekwaamheid aangepas is en ook visueel ondersteunend was. Onderhoude is deurlopend met deeglike veldnotas ondersteun. Rou data is getranskribeer en deur middel van die konstante vergelykende metode verwerk. Die temas, wat hieruit gekonstrueer is, dui daarop dat hierdie adolessente se ervarings uniek blyk te wees en deur verskeie intrapersoonlike en eksterne faktore beïnvloed word. Die verkenning van hierdie faktore het die volgende aan die lig gebring: • Adolessente met kogleêre inplantings beleef soms sosiale uitsluiting in die skool, asook tussen hul vriende. • Verskeie hindernisse gee aanleiding tot sosiale uitsluiting: Eerstens kan adolessente met kogleêre inplantings nie gesprekke in groepe volg nie en word hul gehoor verder deur agtergrondgeraas belemmer. Tweedens is hul belewing dat hul vriende en onderwysers nie aanpassings maak om hul by gesprekke te betrek nie, omdat hulle oor 'n wanpersepsie beskik dat kogleêre inplantings mense wat doof is se gehoor 100% herstel. • Deelnemers beleef dikwels magteloosheid oor hul doofheid en is selfbewus oor die sigbaarheid van die kogleêre inplanting. • Skolastiese vordering word belemmer deur onderwysers se onkunde aangaande die behoeftes van leerders met kogleêre inplantings, maar ook as gevolg van taalagterstande, wat deur hul doofheid veroorsaak word. • Persoonlike sterktes, soos 'n positiewe lewensingesteldheid, beslistheid en deursettingsvermoë, asook hanteringstrategieë, soos uiterse harde werk en voorspraak, wat ouers vir hul adolessente met kogleêre inplantings by die skool maak, bevorder veerkragtigheid ("resilience") by hierdie groep adolessente om bogenoemde hindernisse te hanteer. • Ander kinders met kogleêre inplantings, adolessente deelnemers se gesinne en ook die skool word as primêre ondersteuningsisteme beskou. Aanbevelings rakende die verbetering van adolessente met kogleêre inplantings se ondersteuningsisteme is op grond van die bevindinge uit die data gemaak. Vanweë die beperkte omvang van hierdie studie is daar ook, na aanleiding van verworwe kennis aangaande die ervarings van adolessente met kogleêre inplantings, verdere navorsingsvoorstelle gemaak.
Description
Thesis (MEdPsych)--Stellenbosch University, 2011.
Keywords
experiences, Adolescents -- Effect of cochlear implants on -- Case studies, Adolescents with cochlear implants -- Social networks -- Case studies, qualitative study, Theses -- Educational psychology, Dissertations -- Educational psychology, Deaf students - -Social networks -- Case studies
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