Development of a quality grading system for the honeybush (Cyclopia spp.) tea industry

Date
2020-12
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University
Abstract
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Honeybush tea, produced from Cyclopia species endemic to South Africa, has attained an international footprint within the global herbal tea sector. As demand is exceeding supply to a primarily export market, all production batches should meet optimum quality standards. The lack of standardised sensory quality criteria and assessment methods within the commercial sector has resulted in tea of variable sensory quality reaching the market. The trade of inconsistent and inferior quality products will be detrimental to the reputation of honeybush tea and consumer acceptance, and ultimately the honeybush industry. The need for a scientifically founded quality grading system to evaluate, differentiate and communicate the sensory quality of honeybush tea was addressed through four quality control elements, i.e. a sensory lexicon and wheel, sensory quality standard, quality scoring method, and rapid quality classification methods. The previously developed honeybush aroma lexicon and wheel were revised, based on a newly established comprehensive sensory and physicochemical dataset. Data of samples of the main commercial Cyclopia species (C. intermedia, C. subternata and C. genistoides), processed on laboratory- and commercial-scale, were incorporated to represent the sensory space in terms of different qualities. Universal chemical-based reference standards were developed and validated to replace food-based reference standards in the aroma lexicon to facilitate standardised assessment of honeybush sensory quality. The established sensory quality standard was founded on the comprehensive dataset and input from industry. Sensory quality parameters for the tea infusions and dried plant material were identified, and parameter specifications for ‘high’, ‘moderate’, ‘low’ and ‘poor’ quality classes were defined through expert focus groups. A user-friendly quality scoring method that incorporates a scorecard and colour reference card, was developed and validated for the assessment and classification of production batches based on obtained parameter and total score values and citation frequencies of specific attributes. The validity of reference-based rapid methods, polarised sensory positioning (PSP) and polarised projective mapping (PPM), were investigated for their discrimination ability as time-efficient classification tools to distinguish between infusions of large samples sets of variable sensory quality within commercial and research context. The efficacy of the use of physical (p) poles (tea infusions) and novel theoretical (t) poles (descriptions), representative of the four sensory quality classes, as references, were compared within each method, using a trained panel. Product configurations similar to that of a classical sensory profiling method, descriptive sensory analysis, demonstrated the validity of the method variations for broad quality classification based on key sensory quality parameters. PPM-p indicated the highest discrimination ability between the quality classes. Recommended amendments to theoretical pole descriptions would improve feasibility for commercial application. The quality scoring method and PPM-t were tested by a panel of industry representatives, and the need for industry assessor training in sensory quality parameters was emphasised. Implementation of the proposed integrated quality grading system will equip honeybush industry role-players in delivering a final product of consistent sensory quality within the honeybush value chain.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Heuningbostee, geproduseer van eg Suid-Afrikaanse Cyclopia spesies, het ‘n internasionale voetspoor in die kruietee-sektor bereik. Soos aanvraag die aanbod oorskry, is dit belangrik dat alle produksielotte aan optimum kwaliteitstandaarde voldoen. Die gebrek aan gestandardiseerde sensoriese kwaliteitskriteria en toetsmetodes het daartoe gelei dat tee van wisselende sensoriese kwaliteit die mark bereik. Die handel van produkte van wisselende en minderwaardige kwaliteit is skadelik vir die reputasie van heuningbostee en impakteer negatief op verbruikersvertroue en uiteindelik ook die heuningbosteebedryf. Die behoefte aan ‘n wetenskaplik-gegronde kwaliteitsgraderingsstelsel om die sensoriese kwaliteit van heuningbostee te evalueer, is aangespreek deur vier kwaliteitskontrole elemente te ontwikkel, naamlik ‘n sensoriese leksikon en wiel, ‘n sensoriese kwaliteitstandaard, ‘n kwaliteitsgraderingsmetode, en ‘n vinnige kwaliteits-klassifikasiemetode. ‘n Bestaande heuningbos aromaleksikon en -wiel is hersien deur dit op ‘n nuwe, omvattende sensoriese en fisies-chemiese datastel te baseer. Die omvattende datastel wat monsters van die primêre kommersiële Cyclopia spesies (C. intermedia, C. subternata en C. genistoides), geprosseseer op laboratorium- en kommersiële skaal, is gebruik om ‘n spektrum van verskillende sensoriese kwaliteite te verteenwoordig. Universele chemiese verwysingsstandaarde is ontwikkel om voedselgebaseerde verwysingsstandaarde te vervang om sodoende die gestandardiseerde assessering van die sensoriese kwaliteit van heuningbos te fasiliteer. Die vasgestelde sensoriese kwaliteitsklasse van heuningbostee is gegrond op die gemelde omvattende datatstel, asook insette van die bedryf. Sensoriese kwaliteitsparameters is vir tee-infusies en droë blare geïdentifiseer en parameterspesifikasies is deur middel van fokusgroepe vir die ‘hoë’, ‘gematigde’, ‘lae’ en ‘swak’ kwaliteitsklasse gedefinieer. ‘n Gebruikersvriendelike kwaliteitsgraderingmetode wat ‘n tellingkaart en kleurverwysingskaart insluit, is ontwikkel vir die assessering en klassifikasie van produksielotte heuningbostee, gebaseer op die parameters en totale tellingwaardes van spesifieke eienskappe. Die geldigheid van verwysingsgebaseerde vinnige sensoriese metodes, naamlik gepolariseerde sensoriese posisionering (GSP) en gepolariseerde projektiewe kartering (GPK), is ondersoek vir hul onderskeidingsvermoeë om groot getalle monsters van wisselende sensoriese kwaliteit effektief te klassifiseer. Die effektiwiteit van die gebruik van fisiese (f) pole (tee infusies) en nuwe teoretiese (t) pole (verbale beskrywings) as verwysingsstandaarde, elk verteenwoordigend van ‘n sensoriese kwaliteitsklas, is vergelyk binne elke metode met behulp van ‘n opgeleide sensoriese paneel. Produkkonfigurasies soortgelyk aan dié van ‘n klassieke sensoriese profileringsmetode, kwantitatiewe beskrywende analise, het beide vinnige metodes se geldigheid vir die oorsigtelike kwaliteitskategorisering, gedemonstreer. GPK-f het die hoogste onderskeidingsvermoë tussen kwaliteitsklasse aangedui. Aanbevole wysigings tot die teoretiese poolbeskrywings sal die uitvoerbaarheid vir kommersiële toepassing verbeter. Die kwaliteitsgraderingsmetode en GPK-t is deur ‘n paneel van verteenwordigers uit die bedryf getoets en die behoefte aan assessoropleiding is beklemtoon. Die implimentering van die voorgestelde geïntegreerde kwaliteitsgraderingstelsel sal rolspelers van die heuningbosbedryf toerus om ‘n finale produk van konsekwente sensoriese kwaliteit binne die heuningboswaardeketting te lewer.
Description
Thesis (PhDFoodSc)--Stellenbosch University, 2020.
Keywords
Honeybush (Cyclopia spp.) -- Quality, Honeybush tea -- Sensory evaluation, Honeybush -- Aroma lexicon, Herbal teas -- Therapeutic use -- South Africa, Honeybush Tea Industry, Sensory quality, UCTD
Citation