The association between hypertension and depression and anxiety disorders : results from a nationally-representative sample of South African adults

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dc.contributor.authorGrimsrud, Annaen_ZA
dc.contributor.authorStein, Dan J.en_ZA
dc.contributor.authorSeedat, Sorayaen_ZA
dc.contributor.authorWilliams, Daviden_ZA
dc.contributor.authorMyer, Landonen_ZA
dc.date.accessioned2011-05-15T16:00:16Z
dc.date.available2011-05-15T16:00:16Z
dc.date.issued2009-05-14
dc.descriptionCITATION: Grimsrud, A. et al. 2009. The association between hypertension and depression and anxiety disorders : results from a nationally-representative sample of South African adults. PLoS ONE, 4(5): e5552, doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0005552.
dc.descriptionThe original publication is available at http://journals.plos.org/plosone
dc.description.abstractObjective: Growing evidence suggests high levels of comorbidity between hypertension and mental illness but there are few data from low- and middle-income countries. We examined the association between hypertension and depression and anxiety in South Africa. Methods: Data come from a nationally-representative survey of adults (n = 4351). The Composite International Diagnostic Interview was used to measure DSM-IV mental disorders during the previous 12-months. The relationships between self-reported hypertension and anxiety disorders, depressive disorders and comorbid anxiety-depression were assessed after adjustment for participant characteristics including experience of trauma and other chronic physical conditions. Results: Overall 16.7% reported a previous medical diagnosis of hypertension, and 8.1% and 4.9% were found to have a 12-month anxiety or depressive disorder, respectively. In adjusted analyses, hypertension diagnosis was associated with 12-month anxiety disorders [Odds ratio (OR) = 1.55, 95% Confidence interval (CI) = 1.10-2.18] but not 12-month depressive disorders or 12-month comorbid anxiety-depression. Hypertension in the absence of other chronic physical conditions was not associated with any of the 12-month mental health outcomes (p-values all <0.05), while being diagnosed with both hypertension and another chronic physical condition were associated with 12-month anxiety disorders (OR = 2.25, 95% CI = 1.46-3.45), but not 12-month depressive disorders or comorbid anxiety-depression. Conclusions: These are the first population-based estimates to demonstrate an association between hypertension and mental disorders in sub-Saharan Africa. Further investigation is needed into role of traumatic life events in the aetiology of hypertension as well as the temporality of the association between hypertension and mental disorders. © 2009 Grimsrud et al.
dc.description.urihttp://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0005552
dc.description.versionArticle
dc.description.versionPublisher's version
dc.format.extent9 pages
dc.identifier.citationGrimsrud, A. et al. 2009. The association between hypertension and depression and anxiety disorders : results from a nationally-representative sample of South African adults. PLoS ONE, 4(5): e5552, doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0005552.
dc.identifier.issn1932-6203 (online)
dc.identifier.otherdoi:10.1371/journal.pone.0005552
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/11610
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherPublic Library of Science
dc.rights.holderAuthors retain copyright
dc.rights.holder
dc.subjectHypertension -- South Africaen_ZA
dc.subjectDepression, Mentalen_ZA
dc.subjectAnxiety disordersen_ZA
dc.titleThe association between hypertension and depression and anxiety disorders : results from a nationally-representative sample of South African adultsen_ZA
dc.typeArticle
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